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<title>Name-based Virtual Host Support - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">Virtual Hosts</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Name-based Virtual Host Support</h1>
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<p>This document describes when and how to use name-based virtual hosts.</p>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#namevip">Name-based vs. IP-based Virtual Hosts</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#using">Using Name-based Virtual Hosts</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#compat">Compatibility with Older Browsers</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="ip-based.html">IP-based Virtual Host Support</a></li><li><a href="details.html">An In-Depth Discussion of Virtual Host Matching</a></li><li><a href="mass.html">Dynamically configured mass virtual hosting</a></li><li><a href="examples.html">Virtual Host examples for common setups</a></li><li><a href="examples.html#serverpath">ServerPath configuration example</a></li></ul></div>
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<h2><a name="namevip" id="namevip">Name-based vs. IP-based Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
<p>IP-based virtual hosts use the IP address of the connection to
determine the correct virtual host to serve. Therefore you need to
have a separate IP address for each host. With name-based virtual
hosting, the server relies on the client to report the hostname as
part of the HTTP headers. Using this technique, many different hosts
can share the same IP address.</p>
<p>Name-based virtual hosting is usually simpler, since you need
only configure your DNS server to map each hostname to the correct
IP address and then configure the Apache HTTP Server to recognize
the different hostnames. Name-based virtual hosting also eases
the demand for scarce IP addresses. Therefore you should use
name-based virtual hosting unless there is a specific reason to
choose IP-based virtual hosting. Some reasons why you might consider
using IP-based virtual hosting:</p>
<ul>
<li>Some ancient clients are not compatible with name-based virtual
hosting. For name-based virtual hosting to work, the client must send
the HTTP Host header. This is required by HTTP/1.1, and is
implemented by all modern HTTP/1.0 browsers as an extension. If you
need to support obsolete clients and still use name-based virtual
hosting, a possible technique is discussed at the end of this
document.</li>
<li>Name-based virtual hosting cannot be used with SSL secure servers
because of the nature of the SSL protocol.</li>
<li>Some operating systems and network equipment implement bandwidth
management techniques that cannot differentiate between hosts unless
they are on separate IP addresses.</li>
</ul>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="using" id="using">Using Name-based Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serveralias">ServerAlias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverpath">ServerPath</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
<p>To use name-based virtual hosting, you must designate the IP
address (and possibly port) on the server that will be accepting
requests for the hosts. This is configured using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a></code> directive.
In the normal case where any and all IP addresses on the server should
be used, you can use <code>*</code> as the argument to <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a></code>. If you're planning to use
multiple ports (e.g. running SSL) you should add a Port to the argument,
such as <code>*:80</code>. Note that mentioning an IP address in a
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a></code> directive does not
automatically make the server listen to that IP address. See
<a href="../bind.html">Setting which addresses and ports Apache uses</a>
for more details. In addition, any IP address specified here must be
associated with a network interface on the server.</p>
<p>The next step is to create a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> block for
each different host that you would like to serve. The argument to the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> directive
should be the same as the argument to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a></code> directive (ie, an IP address,
or <code>*</code> for all addresses). Inside each <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> block, you will need at minimum a
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code> directive to designate
which host is served and a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>
directive to show where in the filesystem the content for that host
lives.</p>
<div class="note"><h3>Main host goes away</h3>
<p>If you are adding virtual hosts to an existing web server, you
must also create a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> block for the existing host. The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> included in this virtual host should be the
same as the global <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code> and
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>. List this virtual
host first in the configuration file so that it will act as the default
host.</p>
</div>
<p>For example, suppose that you are serving the domain
<code>www.domain.tld</code> and you wish to add the virtual host
<code>www.otherdomain.tld</code>, which points at the same IP address.
Then you simply add the following to <code>httpd.conf</code>:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
NameVirtualHost *:80<br />
<br />
<VirtualHost *:80><br />
<span class="indent">
ServerName www.domain.tld<br />
ServerAlias domain.tld *.domain.tld<br />
DocumentRoot /www/domain<br />
</span>
</VirtualHost><br />
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