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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_mime</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../ja/mod/mod_mime.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a></p>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Associates the requested filename's extensions
with the file's behavior (handlers and filters)
and content (mime-type, language, character set and
encoding)</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module營dentifier:</a></th><td>mime_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source燜ile:</a></th><td>mod_mime.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>This module is used to associate various bits of "meta
information" with files by their filename extensions. This
information relates the filename of the document to it's
mime-type, language, character set and encoding. This
information is sent to the browser, and participates in content
negotiation, so the user's preferences are respected when
choosing one of several possible files to serve. See
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> for more information
about <a href="../content-negotiation.html">content negotiation</a>.</p>
<p>The directives <code class="directive"><a href="#addcharset">AddCharset</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addencoding">AddEncoding</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addlanguage">AddLanguage</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#addtype">AddType</a></code> are all used to map file
extensions onto the meta-information for that file. Respectively
they set the character set, content-encoding, content-language,
and MIME-type (content-type) of documents. The directive <code class="directive"><a href="#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></code> is used to specify a
file which also maps extensions onto MIME types. </p>
<p>In addition, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> may define the <a href="../handler.html">handler</a> and <a href="../filter.html">filters</a> that originate and process
content. The directives <code class="directive"><a href="#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addoutputfilter">AddOutputFilter</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="#addinputfilter">AddInputFilter</a></code> control the modules
or scripts that serve the document. The <code class="directive"><a href="#multiviewsmatch">MultiviewsMatch</a></code> directive allows
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> to consider these file extensions
to be included when testing Multiviews matches.</p>
<p>While <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> associates meta-information
with filename extensions, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code> server
provides directives that are used to associate all the files in a
given container (<em>e.g.</em>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>) with particular
meta-information. These directives include <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#forcetype">ForceType</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setinputfilter">SetInputFilter</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setoutputfilter">SetOutputFilter</a></code>. The core directives
override any filename extension mappings defined in
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code>.</p>
<p>Note that changing the meta-information for a file does not
change the value of the <code>Last-Modified</code> header.
Thus, previously cached copies may still be used by a client or
proxy, with the previous headers. If you change the
meta-information (language, content type, character set or
encoding) you may need to 'touch' affected files (updating
their last modified date) to ensure that all visitors are
receive the corrected content headers.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addcharset">AddCharset</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addencoding">AddEncoding</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addhandler">AddHandler</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addinputfilter">AddInputFilter</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addlanguage">AddLanguage</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addoutputfilter">AddOutputFilter</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addtype">AddType</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#defaultlanguage">DefaultLanguage</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modmimeusepathinfo">ModMimeUsePathInfo</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multiviewsmatch">MultiviewsMatch</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removecharset">RemoveCharset</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removeencoding">RemoveEncoding</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removehandler">RemoveHandler</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removeinputfilter">RemoveInputFilter</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removelanguage">RemoveLanguage</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removeoutputfilter">RemoveOutputFilter</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removetype">RemoveType</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multipleext">Files with Multiple Extensions</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#contentencoding">Content encoding</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#charset-lang">Character sets and languages</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset">AddDefaultCharset</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#forcetype">ForceType</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#defaulttype">DefaultType</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setinputfilter">SetInputFilter</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setoutputfilter">SetOutputFilter</a></code></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="multipleext" id="multipleext">Files with Multiple Extensions</a></h2>
<p>Files can have more than one extension, and the order of the
extensions is <em>normally</em> irrelevant. For example, if the
file <code>welcome.html.fr</code> maps onto content type
<code>text/html</code> and language French then the file
<code>welcome.fr.html</code> will map onto exactly the same information.
If more than one extension is given which maps onto the same
type of meta-information, then the one to the right will be
used, except for languages and content encodings. For example, if
<code>.gif</code> maps to the MIME-type <code>image/gif</code> and
<code>.html</code> maps to the MIME-type <code>text/html</code>, then the
file <code>welcome.gif.html</code> will be associated with the MIME-type
<code>text/html</code>.</p>
<p><a href="#charset-lang">Languages</a> and <a href="#contentencoding">content encodings</a> are treated accumulative, because one can assign
more than one language or encoding to a particular resource. For example,
the file <code>welcome.html.en.de</code> will be delivered with
<code>Content-Language: en, de</code> and <code>Content-Type:
text/html</code>.</p>
<p>Care should be taken when a file with multiple extensions
gets associated with both a MIME-type and a handler. This will
usually result in the request being by the module associated
with the handler. For example, if the <code>.imap</code>
extension is mapped to the handler <code>imap-file</code> (from
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_imap.html">mod_imap</a></code>) and the <code>.html</code> extension is
mapped to the MIME-type <code>text/html</code>, then the file
<code>world.imap.html</code> will be associated with both the
<code>imap-file</code> handler and <code>text/html</code> MIME-type.
When it is processed, the <code>imap-file</code> handler will be used,
and so it will be treated as a <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_imap.html">mod_imap</a></code> imagemap
file.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="contentencoding" id="contentencoding">Content encoding</a></h2>
<p>A file of a particular MIME type can additionally be encoded a
particular way to simplify transmission over the Internet.
While this usually will refer to compression, such as
<code>gzip</code>, it can also refer to encryption, such a
<code>pgp</code> or to an encoding such as UUencoding, which is
designed for transmitting a binary file in an ASCII (text)
format.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">HTTP/1.1
RFC</a>, section 14.11 puts it this way:</p>
<blockquote cite="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">
<p>The Content-Encoding entity-header field is used as a modifier to
the media-type. When present, its value indicates what additional
content codings have been applied to the entity-body, and thus what
decoding mechanisms must be applied in order to obtain the media-type
referenced by the Content-Type header field. Content-Encoding is
primarily used to allow a document to be compressed without losing
the identity of its underlying media type.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>By using more than one file extension (see <a href="#multipleext">section above about multiple file
extensions</a>), you can indicate that a file is of a
particular <em>type</em>, and also has a particular
<em>encoding</em>. </p>
<p>For example, you may have a file which is a Microsoft Word
document, which is pkzipped to reduce its size. If the
<code>.doc</code> extension is associated with the Microsoft
Word file type, and the <code>.zip</code> extension is
associated with the pkzip file encoding, then the file
<code>Resume.doc.zip</code> would be known to be a pkzip'ed Word
document.</p>
<p>Apache sends a <code>Content-encoding</code> header with the
resource, in order to tell the client browser about the
encoding method.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>Content-encoding: pkzip</code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="charset-lang" id="charset-lang">Character sets and languages</a></h2>
<p>In addition to file type and the file encoding,
another important piece of information is what language a
particular document is in, and in what character set the file
should be displayed. For example, the document might be written
in the Vietnamese alphabet, or in Cyrillic, and should be
displayed as such. This information, also, is transmitted in
HTTP headers.</p>
<p>The character set, language, encoding and mime type are all
used in the process of content negotiation (See
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>) to determine
which document to give to the client, when there are
alternative documents in more than one character set, language,
encoding or mime type. All filename extensions associations
created with <code class="directive"><a href="#addcharset">AddCharset</a></code>,
<code class="directive"><a href="#addencoding">AddEncoding</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addlanguage">AddLanguage</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#addtype">AddType</a></code> directives
(and extensions listed in the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code>) participate in this select process.
Filename extensions that are only associated using the <code class="directive"><a href="#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addinputfilter">AddInputFilter</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#addoutputfilter">AddOutputFilter</a></code> directives may be included or excluded
from matching by using the <code class="directive"><a href="#multiviewsmatch">MultiviewsMatch</a></code> directive.</p>
<h3><a name="charset" id="charset">Charset</a></h3>
<p>To convey this further information, Apache optionally sends
a <code>Content-Language</code> header, to specify the language
that the document is in, and can append additional information
onto the <code>Content-Type</code> header to indicate the
particular character set that should be used to correctly
render the information.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Content-Language: en, fr<br />
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
</code></p></div>
<p>The language specification is the two-letter abbreviation
for the language. The <code>charset</code> is the name of the
particular character set which should be used.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AddCharset" id="AddCharset">AddCharset</a> <a name="addcharset" id="addcharset">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps the given filename extensions to the specified content
charset</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AddCharset <var>charset</var> <var>extension</var>
[<var>extension</var>] ...</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
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