getopt.php

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<?php
/**
 * Zend_Console_Getopt is a class to parse options for command-line
 * applications.
 *
 * LICENSE
 *
 * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
 * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
 * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
 * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
 * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
 * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
 * to [e-mail] so we can send you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category   Zend
 * @package    Zend_Console_Getopt
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2005-2007 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @version    $Id$
 * @license    http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd     New BSD License
 */

/** Zend_Console_Getopt_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Console/Getopt/Exception.php';

/**
 * Zend_Console_Getopt is a class to parse options for command-line
 * applications.
 *
 * Terminology:
 * Argument: an element of the argv array.  This may be part of an option,
 *   or it may be a non-option command-line argument.
 * Flag: the letter or word set off by a '-' or '--'.  Example: in '--output filename',
 *   '--output' is the flag.
 * Parameter: the additional argument that is associated with the option.
 *   Example: in '--output filename', the 'filename' is the parameter.
 * Option: the combination of a flag and its parameter, if any.
 *   Example: in '--output filename', the whole thing is the option.
 *
 * The following features are supported:
 *
 * - Short flags like '-a'.  Short flags are preceded by a single
 *   dash.  Short flags may be clustered e.g. '-abc', which is the
 *   same as '-a' '-b' '-c'.
 * - Long flags like '--verbose'.  Long flags are preceded by a
 *   double dash.  Long flags may not be clustered.
 * - Options may have a parameter, e.g. '--output filename'.
 * - Parameters for long flags may also be set off with an equals sign,
 *   e.g. '--output=filename'.
 * - Parameters for long flags may be checked as string, word, or integer.
 * - Automatic generation of a helpful usage message.
 * - Signal end of options with '--'; subsequent arguments are treated
 *   as non-option arguments, even if they begin with '-'.
 * - Raise exception Zend_Console_Getopt_Exception in several cases
 *   when invalid flags or parameters are given.  Usage message is
 *   returned in the exception object.
 *
 * The format for specifying options uses a PHP associative array.
 * The key is has the format of a list of pipe-separated flag names,
 * followed by an optional '=' to indicate a required parameter or
 * '-' to indicate an optional parameter.  Following that, the type
 * of parameter may be specified as 's' for string, 'w' for word,
 * or 'i' for integer.
 *
 * Examples:
 * - 'user|username|u=s'  this means '--user' or '--username' or '-u'
 *   are synonyms, and the option requires a string parameter.
 * - 'p=i'  this means '-p' requires an integer parameter.  No synonyms.
 * - 'verbose|v-i'  this means '--verbose' or '-v' are synonyms, and
 *   they take an optional integer parameter.
 * - 'help|h'  this means '--help' or '-h' are synonyms, and
 *   they take no parameter.
 *
 * The values in the associative array are strings that are used as
 * brief descriptions of the options when printing a usage message.
 *
 * The simpler format for specifying options used by PHP's getopt()
 * function is also supported.  This is similar to GNU getopt and shell
 * getopt format.
 *
 * Example:  'abc:' means options '-a', '-b', and '-c'
 * are legal, and the latter requires a string parameter.
 *
 * @category   Zend
 * @package    Zend_Console_Getopt
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2005-2007 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license    http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd     New BSD License
 * @version    Release: @package_version@
 * @since      Class available since Release 0.6.0
 *
 * @todo: Handle params with multiple values, e.g. --colors=red,green,blue
 *        Set value of parameter to the array of values.  Allow user to specify
 *        the separator with Zend_Console_Getopt::CONFIG_PARAMETER_SEPARATOR.
 *        If this config value is null or empty string, do not split values
 *        into arrays.  Default separator is comma (',').
 *
 * @todo: Handle params with multiple values specified with separate options
 *        e.g. --colors red --colors green --colors blue should give one
 *        option with an array(red, green, blue).
 *        Enable with Zend_Console_Getopt::CONFIG_CUMULATIVE_PARAMETERS.
 *        Default is that subsequent options overwrite the parameter value.
 *
 * @todo: Handle flags occurring multiple times, e.g. -v -v -v
 *        Set value of the option's parameter to the integer count of instances
 *        instead of a boolean.
 *        Enable with Zend_Console_Getopt::CONFIG_CUMULATIVE_FLAGS.
 *        Default is that the value is simply boolean true regardless of 
 *        how many instances of the flag appear.
 *
 * @todo: Handle flags that implicitly print usage message, e.g. --help
 *
 * @todo: Handle freeform options, e.g. --set-variable
 *        Enable with Zend_Console_Getopt::CONFIG_FREEFORM_FLAGS
 *        All flag-like syntax is recognized, no flag generates an exception.
 *
 * @todo: Handle numeric options, e.g. -1, -2, -3, -1000
 *        Enable with Zend_Console_Getopt::CONFIG_NUMERIC_FLAGS
 *        The rule must specify a named flag and the '#' symbol as the
 *        parameter type. e.g.,  'lines=#'
 *
 * @todo: Enable user to specify header and footer content in the help message.
 *
 * @todo: Feature request to handle option interdependencies.
 *        e.g. if -b is specified, -a must be specified or else the
 *        usage is invalid.
 *
 * @todo: Feature request to implement callbacks.
 *        e.g. if -a is specified, run function 'handleOptionA'().
 */
class Zend_Console_Getopt
{

    /**
     * The options for a given application can be in multiple formats.
     * modeGnu is for traditional 'ab:c:' style getopt format.
     * modeZend is for a more structured format.
     */
    const MODE_ZEND                         = 'zend';
    const MODE_GNU                          = 'gnu';

    /**
     * Constant tokens for various symbols used in the mode_zend
     * rule format.
     */
    const PARAM_REQUIRED                    = '=';
    const PARAM_OPTIONAL                    = '-';
    const TYPE_STRING                       = 's';
    const TYPE_WORD                         = 'w';
    const TYPE_INTEGER                      = 'i';

    /**
     * These are constants for optional behavior of this class.
     * ruleMode is either 'zend' or 'gnu' or a user-defined mode.
     * dashDash is true if '--' signifies the end of command-line options.
     * ignoreCase is true if '--opt' and '--OPT' are implicitly synonyms.
     */
    const CONFIG_RULEMODE                   = 'ruleMode';
    const CONFIG_DASHDASH                   = 'dashDash';
    const CONFIG_IGNORECASE                 = 'ignoreCase';

    /**
     * Defaults for getopt configuration are:
     * ruleMode is 'zend' format,
     * dashDash (--) token is enabled,
     * ignoreCase is not enabled.
     */
    protected $_getoptConfig = array(
        self::CONFIG_RULEMODE   => self::MODE_ZEND,
        self::CONFIG_DASHDASH   => true,
        self::CONFIG_IGNORECASE => false
    );

    /**
     * Stores the command-line arguments for the calling applicaion.
     */
    protected $_argv = array();

    /**
     * Stores the name of the calling applicaion.
     */
    protected $_progname = '';

    /**
     * Stores the list of legal options for this application.
     */
    protected $_rules = array();

    /**
     * Stores alternate spellings of legal options.
     */
    protected $_ruleMap = array();

    /**
     * Stores options given by the user in the current invocation
     * of the application, as well as parameters given in options.
     */
    protected $_options = array();

    /**
     * Stores the command-line arguments other than options.
     */
    protected $_remainingArgs = array();

    /**
     * State of the options: parsed or not yet parsed?
     */
    protected $_parsed = false;

    /**
     * The constructor takes one to three parameters.
     *
     * The first parameter is $rules, which may be a string for
     * gnu-style format, or a structured array for Zend-style format.
     *
     * The second parameter is $argv, and it is optional.  If not
     * specified, $argv is inferred from the global argv.
     *
     * The third parameter is an array of configuration parameters
     * to control the behavior of this instance of Getopt; it is optional.
     *
     * @param array $rules
     * @param array $argv
     * @param array $getoptConfig
     * @throws Zend_Console_Getopt_Exception
     * @return Zend_Console_Getopt
     */
    public function __construct($rules, $argv = null, $getoptConfig = array())
    {
        $this->_progname = $_SERVER['argv'][0];
        $this->setOptions($getoptConfig);
        $this->addRules($rules);
        if (!is_array($argv)) {
            $argv = array_slice($_SERVER['argv'], 1);
        }
        if (isset($argv)) {
            $this->addArguments((array)$argv);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the state of the option seen on the command line of the
     * current application invocation.  This function returns true, or the
     * parameter to the option, if any.  If the option was not given,
     * this function returns null.
     *
     * The magic __get method works in the context of naming the option
     * as a virtual member of this class.
     *
     * @param string $key
     * @return string
     */
    protected function __get($key)
    {
        return $this->getOption($key);
    }

    /**
     * Test whether a given option has been seen.
     *
     * @param string $key
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function __isset($key)
    {
        if (!$this->_parsed) {
            $this->parse();
        }
        return isset($this->_options[$key]);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value for a given option.
     *
     * @param string $key
     * @param string $value
     */
    protected function __set($key, $value)
    {
        $this->_options[$key] = $value;
    }

    /**
     * Return the current set of options and parameters seen as a string.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        return $this->toString();
    }

    /**
     * Unset an option.
     *
     * @param string $key
     */
    public function __unset($key)
    {
        unset($this->_options[$key]);
    }

    /**
     * Define additional command-line arguments.
     * These are appended to those defined when the constructor was called.