simpleapp.java

derby数据库源码。。。。。。。。。。。。。

/*

   Derby - Class SimpleApp

   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.

 */

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Properties;


/**
 * <p>
 * This sample program is a minimal Java application showing JDBC access to a
 * Derby database.</p>
 * <p>
 * Instructions for how to run this program are
 * given in <A HREF=example.html>example.html</A>, by default located in the
 * same directory as this source file ($DERBY_HOME/demo/programs/simple/).</p>
 * <p>
 * Derby applications can run against Derby running in an embedded
 * or a client/server framework.</p>
 * <p>
 * When Derby runs in an embedded framework, the JDBC application and Derby
 * run in the same Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The application
 * starts up the Derby engine.</p>
 * <p>
 * When Derby runs in a client/server framework, the application runs in a
 * different JVM from Derby. The application only needs to load the client
 * driver, and the connectivity framework (in this case the Derby Network
 * Server) provides network connections.</p>
 */
public class SimpleApp
{
    /* the default framework is embedded*/
    private String framework = "embedded";
    private String driver = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver";
    private String protocol = "jdbc:derby:";

    /**
     * <p>
     * Starts the demo by creating a new instance of this class and running
     * the <code>go()</code> method.</p>
     * <p>
     * When you run this application, you may give one of the following
     * arguments:
     *  <ul>
          <li><code>embedded</code> - default, if none specified. Will use
     *        Derby's embedded driver. This driver is included in the derby.jar
     *        file.</li>
     *    <li><code>derbyclient</code> - will use the Derby client driver to
     *        access the Derby Network Server. This driver is included in the
     *        derbyclient.jar file.</li>
     *    <li><code>jccjdbcclient</code> - will use the DB2 Universal JDBC
     *        network client driver, also known as JCC, to access the Network
     *        Server. This driver is not part of the Derby distribution.</li>
     *  </ul>
     * <p>
     * When you are using a client/server framework, the network server must
     * already be running when trying to obtain client connections to Derby.
     * This demo program will will try to connect to a network server on this
     * host (the localhost), see the <code>protocol</code> instance variable.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * When running this demo, you must include the correct driver in the
     * classpath of the JVM. See <a href="example.html">example.html</a> for
     * details.
     * </p>
     * @param args This program accepts one optional argument specifying which
     *        connection framework (JDBC driver) to use (see above). The default
     *        is to use the embedded JDBC driver.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        new SimpleApp().go(args);
        System.out.println("SimpleApp finished");
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Starts the actual demo activities. This includes loading the correct
     * JDBC driver, creating a database by making a connection to Derby,
     * creating a table in the database, and inserting, updating and retreiving
     * some data. Some of the retreived data is then verified (compared) against
     * the expected results. Finally, the table is deleted and, if the embedded
     * framework is used, the database is shut down.</p>
     * <p>
     * Generally, when using a client/server framework, other clients may be
     * (or want to be) connected to the database, so you should be careful about
     * doing shutdown unless you know that noone else needs to access the
     * database until it is rebooted. That is why this demo will not shut down
     * the database unless it is running Derby embedded.</p>
     *
     * @param args - Optional argument specifying which framework or JDBC driver
     *        to use to connect to Derby. Default is the embedded framework,
     *        see the <code>main()</code> method for details.
     * @see #main(String[])
     */
    void go(String[] args)
    {
        /* parse the arguments to determine which framework is desired*/
        parseArguments(args);

        System.out.println("SimpleApp starting in " + framework + " mode");

        /* load the desired JDBC driver */
        loadDriver();

        /* We will be using Statement and PreparedStatement objects for
         * executing SQL. These objects, as well as Connections and ResultSets,
         * are resources that should be released explicitly after use, hence
         * the try-catch-finally pattern used below.
         * We are storing the Statement and Prepared statement object references
         * in an array list for convenience.
         */
        Connection conn = null;
	/* This ArrayList usage may cause a warning when compiling this class
	 * with a compiler for J2SE 5.0 or newer. We are not using generics
	 * because we want the source to support J2SE 1.4.2 environments. */
        ArrayList statements = new ArrayList(); // list of Statements, PreparedStatements
        PreparedStatement psInsert = null;
        PreparedStatement psUpdate = null;
        Statement s = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try
        {
            Properties props = new Properties(); // connection properties
            // providing a user name and password is optional in the embedded
            // and derbyclient frameworks
            props.put("user", "user1");
            props.put("password", "user1");

            /* By default, the schema APP will be used when no username is
             * provided.
             * Otherwise, the schema name is the same as the user name (in this
             * case "user1" or USER1.)
             *
             * Note that user authentication is off by default, meaning that any
             * user can connect to your database using any password. To enable
             * authentication, see the Derby Developer's Guide.
             */

            String dbName = "derbyDB"; // the name of the database

            /*
             * This connection specifies create=true in the connection URL to
             * cause the database to be created when connecting for the first
             * time. To remove the database, remove the directory derbyDB (the
             * same as the database name) and its contents.
             *
             * The directory derbyDB will be created under the directory that
             * the system property derby.system.home points to, or the current
             * directory (user.dir) if derby.system.home is not set.
             */
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(protocol + dbName
                    + ";create=true", props);

            System.out.println("Connected to and created database " + dbName);

            // We want to control transactions manually. Autocommit is on by
            // default in JDBC.
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);

            /* Creating a statement object that we can use for running various
             * SQL statements commands against the database.*/
            s = conn.createStatement();
            statements.add(s);

            // We create a table...
            s.execute("create table location(num int, addr varchar(40))");
            System.out.println("Created table location");

            // and add a few rows...

            /* It is recommended to use PreparedStatements when you are
             * repeating execution of an SQL statement. PreparedStatements also
             * allows you to parameterize variables. By using PreparedStatements
             * you may increase performance (because the Derby engine does not
             * have to recompile the SQL statement each time it is executed) and
             * improve security (because of Java type checking).
             */
            // parameter 1 is num (int), parameter 2 is addr (varchar)
            psInsert = conn.prepareStatement(
                        "insert into location values (?, ?)");
            statements.add(psInsert);

            psInsert.setInt(1, 1956);
            psInsert.setString(2, "Webster St.");
            psInsert.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("Inserted 1956 Webster");

            psInsert.setInt(1, 1910);
            psInsert.setString(2, "Union St.");
            psInsert.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("Inserted 1910 Union");

            // Let's update some rows as well...

            // parameter 1 and 3 are num (int), parameter 2 is addr (varchar)
            psUpdate = conn.prepareStatement(
                        "update location set num=?, addr=? where num=?");
            statements.add(psUpdate);

            psUpdate.setInt(1, 180);
            psUpdate.setString(2, "Grand Ave.");
            psUpdate.setInt(3, 1956);
            psUpdate.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("Updated 1956 Webster to 180 Grand");

            psUpdate.setInt(1, 300);
            psUpdate.setString(2, "Lakeshore Ave.");
            psUpdate.setInt(3, 180);
            psUpdate.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("Updated 180 Grand to 300 Lakeshore");


            /*
               We select the rows and verify the results.
             */
            rs = s.executeQuery(
                    "SELECT num, addr FROM location ORDER BY num");

            /* we expect the first returned column to be an integer (num),
             * and second to be a String (addr). Rows are sorted by street
             * number (num).
             *
             * Normally, it is best to use a pattern of
             *  while(rs.next()) {