ftp.texi

压缩包中包含LINUX下多个命令的源码

@node ftp
@chapter ftp
@cindex ftp

@command{Ftp} is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File Transfer
Protocol.  The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote
network site.

@section Invoking

The options are as follows:

@table @samp
@item -d
@itemx --debug
@opindex -d
@opindex --debug
Enables debugging.

@item -g
@itemx --no-glob
@opindex -g
@opindex --no-glob
Disables file name globbing.

@item -i
@itemx --no-prompt
@opindex -i
@opindex --no-prompt
Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.

@item -n
@itemx --no-login
@opindex -n
@opindex --no-login
Restrains ftp from attempting ``auto-login'' upon initial connection.
If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the .netrc (see below) file
in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the
remote machine.  If no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote
machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine),
and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to login.

@item -t
@item --trace
@opindex -t
@opindex --trace
Enable packet tracing.

@item -p @var{PROMPT}
@itemx --prompt=@var{PROMPT}
@opindex -p
@opindex --prompt
Print a command-line prompt (optionally PROMPT), even if not on a tty.

@item -v
@itemx --verbose
@opindex -v
@opindex --verbose
Be verbose.

@end table

@section Commands

The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the
command line.  If this is done, ftp will immediately attempt to establish
a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its
command interpreter and await instructions from the user.  When ftp is
awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the user.
The following commands are recognized by ftp:

@table @samp

@item ! [command [args]]
Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine.  If there
are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute
directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.

@item $ macro-name [args]
Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef
command.  Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.

@item account [passwd]
Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system
for access to resources once a login has been successfully
completed.  If no argument is included, the user will be
prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.

@item append local-file [remote-file]
Append a local file to a file on the remote machine.  If
remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used
in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans
or nmap setting.  File transfer uses the current settings for
type, format, mode, and structure.

@item ascii
Set the file transfer type to network ASCII. This is the default type.

@item bell
Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed.

@item binary
Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer.

@item bye
Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit
ftp. An end of file will also terminate the session and exit.

@item case
Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget
commands.  When case is on (default is off), remote computer
file names with all letters in upper case are written in the
local directory with the letters mapped to lower case.

@item cd remote-directory
Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory.

@item cdup
Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of
the current remote machine working directory.

@item chmod mode file-name
Change the permission modes of the file file-name on the re-
mote sytem to mode.

@item close
Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return
to the command interpreter.  Any defined macros are erased.

@item cr
Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval.
Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed
sequence during ascii type file transfer.  When cr is on (the
default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to
conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.
Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds;
when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds
may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off.

@item delete remote-file
Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

@item debug [debug-value]
Toggle debugging mode.  If an optional debug-value is specified
it is used to set the debugging level.  When debugging
is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine,
preceded by the string `-->'

@item dir [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a listing of the directory contents in the directory,
remote-directory, and, optionally, placing the output in
local-file. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt
the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the tar-
get local file for receiving dir output.  If no directory is
specified, the current working directory on the remote ma-
chine is used.  If no local file is specified, or local-file
is -, output comes to the terminal.

@item disconnect
A synonym for close.

@item form format
Set the file transfer form to format. The default format is ``file''.

@item get remote-file [local-file]
Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine.
If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same
name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by
the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings.  The current
settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while
transferring the file.

@item glob
Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput. If
globbing is turned off with glob, the file name arguments are
taken literally and not expanded.  Globbing for mput is done
as in csh(1).  For mdelete and mget, each remote file name is
expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are
not merged.  Expansion of a directory name is likely to be
different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the
exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp
server, and can be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -'
Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directo-
ry subtrees of files.  That can be done by transferring a
tar(1) archive of the subtree (in binary mode).

@item hash [size]
Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block transferred.
The size of a data block can optionally be specified.  If not given,
it defaults to 1024 bytes.

@item help [command]
Print an informative message about the meaning of command. If
no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known commands.

@item idle [seconds]
Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds seconds.
If seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is printed.

@item lcd [directory]
Change the working directory on the local machine.  If no
directory is specified, the user's home directory is used.

@item ls [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote
machine.  The listing includes any system-dependent information that
the server chooses to include; for example, most
UNIX systems will produce output from the command `ls -l'.
(See also nlist.) If remote-directory is left unspecified,
the current working directory is used.  If interactive
prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the
last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving
ls output.  If no local file is specified, or if local-file
is `-', the output is sent to the terminal.

@item macdef macro-name
Define a macro.  Subsequent lines are stored as the macro
macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a
file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro
input mode.  There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total
characters in all defined macros.  Macros remain defined until a
close command is executed.  The macro processor interprets `$'
and `\' as special characters.  A `$' followed by a
number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument
on the macro invocation command line.  A `$' followed by an
`i' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is
to be looped.  On the first pass `$i' is replaced by the
first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the
second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on.
A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character.
Use the `\' to prevent special treatment of the `$'.

@item mdelete [remote-files]
Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.

@item mdir remote-files local-file
Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified.  If
interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that
the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output.

@item mget remote-files
Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get
for each file name thus produced.  See glob for details on
the filename expansion.  Resulting file names will then be
processed according to case, ntrans, and nmap settings.
Files are transferred into the local working directory, which
can be changed with `lcd directory'; new local directories
can be created with `! mkdir directory'.

@item mkdir directory-name
Make a directory on the remote machine.

@item mls remote-files local-file
Like nlist, except multiple remote files may be specified,
and the local-file must be specified.  If interactive prompting is on,
ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last
argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mls output.

@item mode [mode-name]
Set the file transfer mode to mode-name. The default mode is
``stream'' mode.

@item modtime file-name
Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine.

@item mput local-files
Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do
a put for each file in the resulting list.  See glob for details of
filename expansion.  Resulting file names will then be processed
according to ntrans and nmap settings.

@item newer file-name
Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file
is more recent that the file on the current system.  If the
file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is
considered newer. Otherwise, this command is identical to get.

@item nlist [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a  list of the files in a directory on the remote machine.
If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current
working directory is used.  If interactive prompting is on,
ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is
indeed the target local file for receiving nlist output.  If
no local file is specified, or if local-file is -, the output
is sent to the terminal.

@item nmap [inpattern outpattern]
Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism.  If no arguments
are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset.  If
arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during
mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target
filename.  If arguments are specified, local
filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands
issued without a specified local target filename.  This command is
useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
with different file naming conventions or practices.  The
mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern.
[Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may
have already been processed according to the ntrans and case
settings).  Variable templating is accomplished by including
the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern. Use `\' to
prevent this special treatment of the `$' character.  All
other characters are treated literally, and are used to de-
termine the nmap [inpattern] variable values.  For example,
given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data",
$1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value
data".  The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename.
The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by
any value resulting from the inpattern template.  The sequence `$0' is
replace by the original filename.  Additionally, the sequence
`[seq1, seq2]' is replaced by [seq1] if seq1
is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2. For
example, the command

@example
  nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]
@end example

would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input filenames
"myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for
the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the in-
put filename ".myfile".  Spaces may be included in
outpattern, as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/  *$//" > $1'.
Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the
`$','[','[', and `,' characters.

@item ntrans [inchars [outchars]]
Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism.
If no arguments are specified, the filename character translation
mechanism is unset.  If arguments are specified, characters in remote
filenames are translated during mput commands and put commands issued
without a specified remote target filename.  If arguments are specified,
characters in local filenames are translated during mget commands and get
commands issued without a specified local target filename.
This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote
computer with different file naming conventions or practices.
Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are