ftpd.texi

压缩包中包含LINUX下多个命令的源码

@node ftpd
@chapter ftpd
@cindex ftpd

@command{Ftpd} is the Internet File Transfer Protocol server process.
The server uses the TCP protocol and listens at the port specified in the
``ftp'' service specification; see services(5).

@section Invoking

The options are as follows:

@table @samp

@item -A
@itemx --anonymous-only
@opindex -A
@opindex --anonymous-only
Only anonymous login is allowed.

@item -a @var{AUTH}
@item --auth=@var{AUTH}
@opindex -a
@opindex --auth
Give anonymous an other login-name (anonymous and ftpd will still work).

@item  -D
@itemx --daemon
@opindex --daemon
@opindex -D
@command{ftpd} enters daemon-mode. That allows ftpd to be run without inetd.

@item -d
@itemx --debug
@opindex -d
@opindex --debug
Debugging information is written to the syslog using LOG_FTP.

@item -l
@itemx --logging
@opindex -l
@opindex --logging
Each successful and failed ftp(1) session is logged using syslog
with a facility of LOG_FTP.  If this option is specified twice,
the retrieve (get), store (put), append, delete, make directory,
remove directory and rename operations and their filename arguments are
also logged.

@item -p @var{PIDFILE}
@item --pidfile=@var{PIDFILE}
@opindex -p
@opindex --pidfile
Change default location of PIDFILE

@item -q
@item --no-version
@opindex -q
@opindex --no-version
Quiet mode. No information about the version of the ftpd is given
to the client.

@item -T
@item --max-timeout
@opindex -T
@opindex --max-timeout
A client may also request a different timeout period; the maximum
period allowed may be set to timeout seconds with the -T option.
The default limit is 2 hours.

@item -t @var{TIMEOUT}
@item --timeout=@var{TIMEOUT}
@opindex -t
@opindex --timeout
The inactivity timeout period is set to timeout seconds (the default is
15 minutes).

@item -u @var{UMASK}
@item --umask=@var{UMASK}
@opindex -u
@opindex --umask
Set default umask(base 8).

@end table

The file @file{/etc/nologin} can be used to disable ftp access.  If the file
exists, ftpd displays it and exits.  If the file @file{/etc/ftpwelcome}
exists, @command{ftpd} prints it before issuing the ``ready'' message.  If
the file @command{/etc/motd} exists, ftpd prints it after a successful login.

The ftp server currently supports the following ftp requests.  The case
of the requests is ignored.

@example
           Request    Description
           ABOR       abort previous command
           ACCT       specify account (ignored)
           ALLO       allocate storage (vacuously)
           APPE       append to a file
           CDUP       change to parent of current working directory
           CWD        change working directory
           DELE       delete a file
           HELP       give help information
           LIST       give list files in a directory (``ls -lgA'')
           MKD        make a directory
           MDTM       show last modification time of file
           MODE       specify data transfer mode
           NLST       give name list of files in directory
           NOOP       do nothing
           PASS       specify password
           PASV       prepare for server-to-server transfer
           PORT       specify data connection port
           PWD        print the current working directory
           QUIT       terminate session
           REST       restart incomplete transfer
           RETR       retrieve a file
           RMD        remove a directory
           RNFR       specify rename-from file name
           RNTO       specify rename-to file name
           SITE       non-standard commands (see next section)
           SIZE       return size of file
           STAT       return status of server
           STOR       store a file
           STOU       store a file with a unique name
           STRU       specify data transfer structure
           SYST       show operating system type of server system
           TYPE       specify data transfer type
           USER       specify user name
           XCUP       change to parent of current working directory
                      (deprecated)
           XCWD       change working directory (deprecated)
           XMKD       make a directory (deprecated)
           XPWD       print the current working directory (deprecated)
           XRMD       remove a directory (deprecated)

     The following non-standard or UNIX specific commands are supported by the
     SITE request.

           Request    Description
           UMASK      change umask, e.g. ``SITE UMASK 002''
           IDLE       set idle-timer, e.g. ``SITE IDLE 60''
           CHMOD      change mode of a file, e.g. ``SITE CHMOD0 0CHMOD1
                      1CHMOD2
           HELP       give help information.


@end example

The remaining ftp requests specified in Internet RFC 959 are recognized,
but not implemented.  MDTM and SIZE are not specified in RFC 959, but
will appear in the next updated FTP RFC.

The ftp server will abort an active file transfer only when the ABOR com-
mand is preceded by a Telnet "Interrupt Process" (IP) signal and a Telnet
Synch" signal in the command Telnet stream, as described in Internet RFC
959.  If a STAT command is received during a data transfer, preceded by a
Telnet IP and Synch, transfer status will be returned.

Ftpd interprets file names according to the ``globbing'' conventions used
by csh(1).  This allows users to utilize the metacharacters ``*?[]@{@}~''.

Ftpd authenticates users according to three rules.

@enumerate

@item
The login name must be in the password data base, @file{/etc/passwd},
and not have a null password.  In this case a password must be
provided by the client before any file operations may be per-
formed.

@item
The login name must not appear in the file @file{/etc/ftpusers}.

@item
The user must have a standard shell returned by getusershell(3).

@item
If the user name is ``anonymous'' or ``ftp'', an anonymous ftp
account must be present in the password file (user ``ftp'').
In this case the user is allowed to log in by specifying any
password (by convention an email address for the user should
be used as the password).

@end enumerate

In the last case, ftpd takes special measures to restrict the client's
access privileges.  The server performs a chroot(2) to the home directory
of the ``ftp'' user.  In order that system security is not breached, it
is recommended that the ``ftp'' subtree be constructed with care, following
these rules:

@table @samp
@item ~ftp
Make the home directory owned by ``root'' and unwritable by anyone.

@item ~ftp/bin
Make this directory owned by ``root'' and unwritable by
anyone (mode 555).  The program ls(1) must be present to
support the list command.  This program should be mode 111.

@item ~ftp/etc
Make this directory owned by ``root'' and unwritable by
anyone (mode 555).  The files passwd(5) and group(5) must
be present for the ls command to be able to produce owner
names rather than numbers.  The password field in passwd
is not used, and should not contain real passwords.  The
file motd, if present, will be printed after a successful
login.  These files should be mode 444.

@item ~ftp/pub
Make this directory mode 777 and owned by ``ftp''. Guests
can then place files which are to be accessible via the
anonymous account in this directory.

@end table

@section Configuration files

@table @samp
@item @file{/etc/ftpusers}
List of unwelcome/restricted users.
@item @file{/etc/ftpwelcome}
Welcome notice.
@item @file{/etc/motd}
Welcome notice after login.
@item @file{/etc/nologin}
Displayed and access refused.
@end table