int13.txt

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Interrupt List, part 2 of 16
Copyright (c) 1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997 Ralf Brown
--------B-1300-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - RESET DISK SYSTEM
	AH = 00h
	DL = drive (if bit 7 is set both hard disks and floppy disks reset)
Return: AH = status (see #0166)
	CF clear if successful (returned AH=00h)
	CF set on error
Note:	forces controller to recalibrate drive heads (seek to track 0)
	for PS/2 35SX, 35LS, 40SX and L40SX, as well as many other systems,
	  both the master drive and the slave drive respond to the Reset
	  function that is issued to either drive
SeeAlso: AH=0Dh,AH=11h,INT 21/AH=0Dh,INT 4D/AH=00h"TI Professional"
SeeAlso: INT 56"Tandy 2000",MEM 0040h:003Eh
--------B-1301-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - GET STATUS OF LAST OPERATION
	AH = 01h
	DL = drive (bit 7 set for hard disk)
Return: CF clear if successful (returned status 00h)
	CF set on error
	AH = status of previous operation (see #0166)
Note:	some BIOSes return the status in AL; the PS/2 Model 30/286 returns the
	  status in both AH and AL
SeeAlso: AH=00h,INT 4D/AH=01h,MEM 0040h:0041h,MEM 0040h:0074h

(Table 0166)
Values for disk operation status:
 00h	successful completion
 01h	invalid function in AH or invalid parameter
 02h	address mark not found
 03h	disk write-protected
 04h	sector not found/read error
 05h	reset failed (hard disk)
 05h	data did not verify correctly (TI Professional PC)
 06h	disk changed (floppy)
 07h	drive parameter activity failed (hard disk)
 08h	DMA overrun
 09h	data boundary error (attempted DMA across 64K boundary or >80h sectors)
 0Ah	bad sector detected (hard disk)
 0Bh	bad track detected (hard disk)
 0Ch	unsupported track or invalid media
 0Dh	invalid number of sectors on format (PS/2 hard disk)
 0Eh	control data address mark detected (hard disk)
 0Fh	DMA arbitration level out of range (hard disk)
 10h	uncorrectable CRC or ECC error on read
 11h	data ECC corrected (hard disk)
 20h	controller failure
 31h	no media in drive (IBM/MS INT 13 extensions)
 32h	incorrect drive type stored in CMOS (Compaq)
 40h	seek failed
 80h	timeout (not ready)
 AAh	drive not ready (hard disk)
 B0h	volume not locked in drive (INT 13 extensions)
 B1h	volume locked in drive (INT 13 extensions)
 B2h	volume not removable (INT 13 extensions)
 B3h	volume in use (INT 13 extensions)
 B4h	lock count exceeded (INT 13 extensions)
 B5h	valid eject request failed (INT 13 extensions)
 BBh	undefined error (hard disk)
 CCh	write fault (hard disk)
 E0h	status register error (hard disk)
 FFh	sense operation failed (hard disk)
SeeAlso: #M022
--------B-1302-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - READ SECTOR(S) INTO MEMORY
	AH = 02h
	AL = number of sectors to read (must be nonzero)
	CH = low eight bits of cylinder number
	CL = sector number 1-63 (bits 0-5)
	     high two bits of cylinder (bits 6-7, hard disk only)
	DH = head number
	DL = drive number (bit 7 set for hard disk)
	ES:BX -> data buffer
Return: CF set on error
	    if AH = 11h (corrected ECC error), AL = burst length
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status (see #0166)
	AL = number of sectors transferred (only valid if CF set for some
	      BIOSes)
Notes:	errors on a floppy may be due to the motor failing to spin up quickly
	  enough; the read should be retried at least three times, resetting
	  the disk with AH=00h between attempts
	most BIOSes support "multitrack" reads, where the value in AL
	  exceeds the number of sectors remaining on the track, in which
	  case any additional sectors are read beginning at sector 1 on
	  the following head in the same cylinder; the CONFIG.SYS command
	  MULTITRACK can be used to force DOS to split disk accesses which
	  would wrap across a track boundary into two separate calls
	the IBM AT BIOS and many other BIOSes use only the low four bits of
	  DH (head number) since the WD-1003 controller which is the standard
	  AT controller (and the controller that IDE emulates) only supports
	  16 heads
	AWARD AT BIOS and AMI 386sx BIOS have been extended to handle more
	  than 1024 cylinders by placing bits 10 and 11 of the cylinder number
	  into bits 6 and 7 of DH
	under Windows95, a volume must be locked (see INT 21/AX=440Dh/CX=084Bh)
	  in order to perform direct accesses such as INT 13h reads and writes
SeeAlso: AH=03h,AH=0Ah,AH=06h"V10DISK.SYS",AH=21h"PS/1",AH=42h"IBM"
SeeAlso: INT 21/AX=440Dh/CX=084Bh,INT 4D/AH=02h
--------B-1303-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - WRITE DISK SECTOR(S)
	AH = 03h
	AL = number of sectors to write (must be nonzero)
	CH = low eight bits of cylinder number
	CL = sector number 1-63 (bits 0-5)
	     high two bits of cylinder (bits 6-7, hard disk only)
	DH = head number
	DL = drive number (bit 7 set for hard disk)
	ES:BX -> data buffer
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status (see #0166)
	AL = number of sectors transferred
	      (only valid if CF set for some BIOSes)
Notes:	errors on a floppy may be due to the motor failing to spin up quickly
	  enough; the write should be retried at least three times, resetting
	  the disk with AH=00h between attempts
	most BIOSes support "multitrack" writes, where the value in AL
	  exceeds the number of sectors remaining on the track, in which
	  case any additional sectors are written beginning at sector 1 on
	  the following head in the same cylinder; the CONFIG.SYS command
	  MULTITRACK can be used to force DOS to split disk accesses which
	  would wrap across a track boundary into two separate calls
	the IBM AT BIOS and many other BIOSes use only the low four bits of
	  DH (head number) since the WD-1003 controller which is the standard
	  AT controller (and the controller that IDE emulates) only supports
	  16 heads
	AWARD AT BIOS and AMI 386sx BIOS have been extended to handle more
	  than 1024 cylinders by placing bits 10 and 11 of the cylinder number
	  into bits 6 and 7 of DH
	under Windows95, an application must issue a physical volume lock on
	  the drive via INT 21/AX=440Dh before it can successfully write to
	  the disk with this function
SeeAlso: AH=02h,AH=0Bh,AH=07h"V10DISK.SYS",AH=22h"PS/1",AH=43h"IBM"
SeeAlso: INT 21/AX=440Dh"DOS 3.2+",INT 4D/AH=03h
--------B-1304-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - VERIFY DISK SECTOR(S)
	AH = 04h
	AL = number of sectors to verify (must be nonzero)
	CH = low eight bits of cylinder number
	CL = sector number 1-63 (bits 0-5)
	     high two bits of cylinder (bits 6-7, hard disk only)
	DH = head number
	DL = drive number (bit 7 set for hard disk)
	ES:BX -> data buffer (PC,XT,AT with BIOS prior to 11/15/85)
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status (see #0166)
	AL = number of sectors verified
Notes:	errors on a floppy may be due to the motor failing to spin up quickly
	  enough; the write should be retried at least three times, resetting
	  the disk with AH=00h between attempts
	this function does not compare the disk with memory, it merely
	  checks whether the sector's stored CRC matches the data's actual CRC
	the IBM AT BIOS and many other BIOSes use only the low four bits of
	  DH (head number) since the WD-1003 controller which is the standard
	  AT controller (and the controller that IDE emulates) only supports
	  16 heads
	AWARD AT BIOS and AMI 386sx BIOS have been extended to handle more
	  than 1024 cylinders by placing bits 10 and 11 of the cylinder number
	  into bits 6 and 7 of DH
SeeAlso: AH=02h,AH=44h,INT 4D/AH=04h,INT 4D/AH=06h
--------B-1305-------------------------------
INT 13 - FLOPPY - FORMAT TRACK
	AH = 05h
	AL = number of sectors to format
	CH = track number
	DH = head number
	DL = drive number
	ES:BX -> address field buffer (see #0167)
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status (see #0166)
Notes:	on AT or higher, call AH=17h first
	the number of sectors per track is read from the diskette parameter
	  table pointed at by INT 1E
SeeAlso: AH=05h"FIXED",AH=17h,AH=18h,INT 1E

Format of floppy format address field buffer entry (one per sector in track):
Offset	Size	Description	(Table 0167)
 00h	BYTE	track number
 01h	BYTE	head number (0-based)
 02h	BYTE	sector number
 03h	BYTE	sector size (00h=128 bytes, 01h=256 bytes, 02h=512, 03h=1024)
--------B-1305-------------------------------
INT 13 - FIXED DISK - FORMAT TRACK
	AH = 05h
	AL = interleave value (XT-type controllers only)
	ES:BX -> 512-byte format buffer
		the first 2*(sectors/track) bytes contain F,N for each sector
		   F = sector type
			00h for good sector
			20h to unassign from alternate location
			40h to assign to alternate location
			80h for bad sector
		   N = sector number
	CH = cylinder number (bits 8,9 in high bits of CL)
	CL = high bits of cylinder number (bits 7,6)
	DH = head
	DL = drive
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status code (see #0166)
Notes:	AWARD AT BIOS and AMI 386sx BIOS have been extended to handle more
	  than 1024 cylinders by placing bits 10 and 11 of the cylinder number
	  into bits 6 and 7 of DH
	for XT-type controllers on an AT or higher, AH=0Fh should be called
	  first
	the IBM AT BIOS and many other BIOSes use only the low four bits of
	  DH (head number) since the WD-1003 controller which is the standard
	  AT controller (and the controller that IDE emulates) only supports
	  16 heads
	not all controller support sector types 20h and 40h
	under Windows95, an application must issue a physical volume lock on
	  the drive via INT 21/AX=440Dh before it can successfully write to
	  the disk with this function
SeeAlso: AH=05h"FLOPPY",AH=06h"FIXED",AH=07h"FIXED",AH=0Fh,AH=18h,AH=1Ah
--------d-1305-------------------------------
INT 13 - Future Domain SCSI BIOS - SEND SCSI MODE SELECT COMMAND
	AH = 05h
	DL = hard drive ID
	ES:BX -> mode select data (see #0168)
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status code (see #0166)
Notes:	this function can be called before AH=07h"SCSI" or AH=06h"SCSI" to
	  format a SCSI disk with the desired parameters
	the mode select data below is from the SCSI-1 specification
	the TMC-950 does not support any Future Domain BIOS calls; instead,
	  it provides a full CAM implementation (see INT 4F/AX=8100h)
SeeAlso: AH=06h"SCSI",AH=07h"SCSI",INT 4F/AX=8100h

Format of Future Domain SCSI mode select data:
Offset	Size	Description	(Table 0168)
 00h	BYTE	number of bytes of remaining data (12 + vendor unique length)
 01h	BYTE	reserved (0)
 02h	BYTE	medium type (0 for hard disk)
 03h	BYTE	reserved (0)
 04h	BYTE	block descriptor length (8)
 05h	BYTE	density code (0 for hard disk)
 06h  3 BYTEs	(big-endian) number of blocks (000000h for entire disk)
 09h	BYTE	reserved (0)
 0Ah  3 BYTEs	(big-endian) block length (512 standard, or 256)
 0Dh	???	vendor-specific parameter bytes (optional)
--------d-13057FSI324D-----------------------
INT 13 - 2M - FORMAT TRACK
	AX = 057Fh
	SI = 324Dh ("2M")
	CH = track number
	DH = head number
	DL = drive number
	ES:BX -> boot sector of future 2M diskette
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status (see #0166)
Program: 2M is a TSR developed by Ciriaco Garcia de Celis to support
	  non standard diskettes with 820-902/1476-1558K (5.25 DD/HD)
	  and 984-1066/1804-1886K/3608-3772K (3.5 DD/HD/ED)
Notes:	it is not necessary to call AH=17h or AH=18h first (will be ignored)
	the diskette format must always begin on cylinder 0 head 0
	the boot sector can be obtained from an already-formatted 2M diskette
	  (by calling AH=02h with head number 00h in 2M v1.x and with head
	  number 80h for 2M v2+)
	the installation check for 2M must search for a "CiriSOFT:2M:1.3" or
	  "CiriSOFT:2MX:3.0" or similar (recomended ":2M:", ":2MX:", or ":2MB:"
	  substrings) in CiriSOFT TSR interface
	since 2M v2.0, the BOOT sector is emulated using the first physical
	  sector of FAT2; the second-sixth physical sectors of FAT2 in HD or ED
	  diskettes store the SuperBOOT code. To skip the FAT2 emulation (using
	  FAT1) of 2M, in order to read the SuperBOOT code, head number must be
	  80h-81h instead 0-1 (bit 7 active) in standard read/write functions.
	  This lets diskcopy programs format 2M target diskettes copying
	  SuperBOOT code. If the target diskette is already 2MF formatted
	  (containing boot code) this trick it is not necessary.
	when using STV technology (offset 65 of boot sector equal to 1) it is
	  necessary to write the full track before formatting (except track 0
	  side 0) to complete the format and skip future CRC errors on read; in
	  track 0 side 1 the head used must be 81h instead 1. Diskcopy programs
	  may do a format-write-verify sequential phases to improve performance
SeeAlso: AH=05h"FLOPPY",AH=18h/CX=5055h,INT 2F"CiriSOFT"
--------B-1306-------------------------------
INT 13 - FIXED DISK - FORMAT TRACK AND SET BAD SECTOR FLAGS (XT,PORT)
	AH = 06h
	AL = interleave value
	CH = cylinder number (bits 8,9 in high bits of CL)
	CL = sector number
	DH = head
	DL = drive
Return: AH = status code (see #0166)
Note:	AWARD AT BIOS and AMI 386sx BIOS have been extended to handle more
	  than 1024 cylinders by placing bits 10 and 11 of the cylinder number
	  into bits 6 and 7 of DH
SeeAlso: AH=05h"FIXED",AH=07h"FIXED"
--------d-1306-------------------------------
INT 13 - Future Domain SCSI BIOS - FORMAT DRIVE WITH BAD SECTOR MAPPING
	AH = 06h
	AL = interleave
	     (0 = default, 1 = consecutive sectors, 2 - 255 = vendor unique)
	DL = hard drive ID
	DH = defect list info (see #0169)
	ES:BX -> defect table A, B or C (see #0170,#0171,#0172)
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status code (see #0166)
Notes:	block addresses must be in ascending order (for table B, cylinder is
	  most significant, byte from index least significant; for table C,
	  cylinder is most significant, sector number least significant)
	table B defect bytes from index of FFFFFFFFh indicates that the entire
	  track shall be reassigned
	table C defect sector number of FFFFFFFFh indicates that the entire
	  track shall be reassigned
	the TMC-950 does not support any Future Domain BIOS calls; instead,
	  it provides a full CAM implementation (see INT 4F/AX=8100h)
SeeAlso: AH=05h"SCSI",AH=06h"FIXED",AH=07h"SCSI"

Bitfields for Future Domain SCSI defect list info:
Bit(s)	Description	(Table 0169)
 7-5	drive LUN
 4	defect list is available
 3	defect list is complete (erase drive's defect list)
 2-0	defect table format
	(000=use defect table A, 100=use defect table B,
	 101=use defect table C)

Format of Future Domain SCSI defect table A:
Offset	Size	Description	(Table 0170)
 00h	WORD	number of bytes remaining in table
 02h	BYTE	reserved (0)
 03h	BYTE	reserved (0)
 04h	WORD	(big-endian) defect list length (4*number of defects)
 06h  4 DWORDs	(big-endian) defect block addresses

Format of Future Domain SCSI defect table B:
Offset	Size	Description	(Table 0171)