mkdosfs.c

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       * not really present cluster. */
      clust16 = (fatdata - nr_fats*fatlength16)/bs.cluster_size;
      maxclust16 = (fatlength16 * sector_size) / 2;
      if (maxclust16 > MAX_CLUST_16)
	maxclust16 = MAX_CLUST_16;
      if (verbose >= 2)
	printf( "FAT16: #clu=%u, fatlen=%u, maxclu=%u, limit=%u\n",
		clust16, fatlength16, maxclust16, MAX_CLUST_16 );
      if (clust16 > maxclust16-2) {
	if (verbose >= 2)
	  printf( "FAT16: too much clusters\n" );
	clust16 = 0;
      }
      /* The < 4078 avoids that the filesystem will be misdetected as having a
       * 12 bit FAT. */
      if (clust16 < FAT12_THRESHOLD && !(size_fat_by_user && size_fat == 16)) {
	if (verbose >= 2)
	  printf( clust16 < FAT12_THRESHOLD ?
		  "FAT16: would be misdetected as FAT12\n" :
		  "FAT16: too much clusters\n" );
	clust16 = 0;
      }

      clust32 = ((ll_t) fatdata *sector_size + nr_fats*8) /
	((int) bs.cluster_size * sector_size + nr_fats*4);
      fatlength32 = cdiv ((clust32+2) * 4, sector_size);
      /* Need to recalculate number of clusters, since the unused parts of the
       * FATS and data area together could make up space for an additional,
       * not really present cluster. */
      clust32 = (fatdata - nr_fats*fatlength32)/bs.cluster_size;
      maxclust32 = (fatlength32 * sector_size) / 4;
      if (maxclust32 > MAX_CLUST_32)
	maxclust32 = MAX_CLUST_32;
      if (verbose >= 2)
	printf( "FAT32: #clu=%u, fatlen=%u, maxclu=%u, limit=%u\n",
		clust32, fatlength32, maxclust32, MAX_CLUST_32 );
      if (clust32 > maxclust32) {
	clust32 = 0;
	if (verbose >= 2)
	  printf( "FAT32: too much clusters\n" );
      }

      if ((clust12 && (size_fat == 0 || size_fat == 12)) ||
	  (clust16 && (size_fat == 0 || size_fat == 16)) ||
	  (clust32 && size_fat == 32))
	break;

      bs.cluster_size <<= 1;
    } while (bs.cluster_size && bs.cluster_size <= maxclustsize);

    /* Use the optimal FAT size if not specified;
     * FAT32 is (not yet) choosen automatically */
    if (!size_fat) {
	size_fat = (clust16 > clust12) ? 16 : 12;
	if (verbose >= 2)
	  printf( "Choosing %d bits for FAT\n", size_fat );
    }

    switch (size_fat) {
      case 12:
	cluster_count = clust12;
	fat_length = fatlength12;
	bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(fatlength12);
	memcpy(vi->fs_type, MSDOS_FAT12_SIGN, 8);
	break;

      case 16:
	if (clust16 < FAT12_THRESHOLD) {
	    if (size_fat_by_user) {
		fprintf( stderr, "WARNING: Not enough clusters for a "
			 "16 bit FAT! The filesystem will be\n"
			 "misinterpreted as having a 12 bit FAT without "
			 "mount option \"fat=16\".\n" );
	    }
	    else {
		fprintf( stderr, "This filesystem has an unfortunate size. "
			 "A 12 bit FAT cannot provide\n"
			 "enough clusters, but a 16 bit FAT takes up a little "
			 "bit more space so that\n"
			 "the total number of clusters becomes less than the "
			 "threshold value for\n"
			 "distinction between 12 and 16 bit FATs.\n" );
		die( "Make the file system a bit smaller manually." );
	    }
	}
	cluster_count = clust16;
	fat_length = fatlength16;
	bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(fatlength16);
	memcpy(vi->fs_type, MSDOS_FAT16_SIGN, 8);
	break;

      case 32:
	cluster_count = clust32;
	fat_length = fatlength32;
	bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(0);
	bs.fat32.fat32_length = CT_LE_L(fatlength32);
	memcpy(vi->fs_type, MSDOS_FAT32_SIGN, 8);
	break;
	
      default:
	die("FAT not 12, 16 or 32 bits");
    }
  }
  else {
    unsigned clusters, maxclust;
      
    /* GEMDOS always uses a 12 bit FAT on floppies, and always a 16 bit FAT on
     * hard disks. So use 12 bit if the size of the file system suggests that
     * this fs is for a floppy disk, if the user hasn't explicitly requested a
     * size.
     */
    if (!size_fat)
      size_fat = (num_sectors == 1440 || num_sectors == 2400 ||
		  num_sectors == 2880 || num_sectors == 5760) ? 12 : 16;
    if (verbose >= 2)
      printf( "Choosing %d bits for FAT\n", size_fat );

    /* Atari format: cluster size should be 2, except explicitly requested by
     * the user, since GEMDOS doesn't like other cluster sizes very much.
     * Instead, tune the sector size for the FS to fit.
     */
    bs.cluster_size = sectors_per_cluster ? sectors_per_cluster : 2;
    if (!sector_size_set) {
      while( num_sectors > GEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS ) {
	num_sectors >>= 1;
	sector_size <<= 1;
      }
    }
    if (verbose >= 2)
      printf( "Sector size must be %d to have less than %d log. sectors\n",
	      sector_size, GEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS );

    /* Check if there are enough FAT indices for how much clusters we have */
    do {
      fatdata = num_sectors - cdiv (root_dir_entries * 32, sector_size) -
		reserved_sectors;
      /* The factor 2 below avoids cut-off errors for nr_fats == 1 and
       * size_fat == 12
       * The "2*nr_fats*size_fat/8" is for the reserved first two FAT entries
       */
      clusters = (2*((ll_t)fatdata*sector_size - 2*nr_fats*size_fat/8)) /
		 (2*((int)bs.cluster_size*sector_size + nr_fats*size_fat/8));
      fat_length = cdiv( (clusters+2)*size_fat/8, sector_size );
      /* Need to recalculate number of clusters, since the unused parts of the
       * FATS and data area together could make up space for an additional,
       * not really present cluster. */
      clusters = (fatdata - nr_fats*fat_length)/bs.cluster_size;
      maxclust = (fat_length*sector_size*8)/size_fat;
      if (verbose >= 2)
	printf( "ss=%d: #clu=%d, fat_len=%d, maxclu=%d\n",
		sector_size, clusters, fat_length, maxclust );
      
      /* last 10 cluster numbers are special (except FAT32: 4 high bits rsvd);
       * first two numbers are reserved */
      if (maxclust <= (size_fat == 32 ? MAX_CLUST_32 : (1<<size_fat)-0x10) &&
	  clusters <= maxclust-2)
	break;
      if (verbose >= 2)
	printf( clusters > maxclust-2 ?
		"Too many clusters\n" : "FAT too big\n" );

      /* need to increment sector_size once more to  */
      if (sector_size_set)
	  die( "With this sector size, the maximum number of FAT entries "
	       "would be exceeded." );
      num_sectors >>= 1;
      sector_size <<= 1;
    } while( sector_size <= GEMDOS_MAX_SECTOR_SIZE );
    
    if (sector_size > GEMDOS_MAX_SECTOR_SIZE)
      die( "Would need a sector size > 16k, which GEMDOS can't work with");

    cluster_count = clusters;
    if (size_fat != 32)
	bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(fat_length);
    else {
	bs.fat_length = 0;
	bs.fat32.fat32_length = CT_LE_L(fat_length);
    }
  }

  bs.sector_size[0] = (char) (sector_size & 0x00ff);
  bs.sector_size[1] = (char) ((sector_size & 0xff00) >> 8);

  if (size_fat == 32)
    {
      /* set up additional FAT32 fields */
      bs.fat32.flags = CT_LE_W(0);
      bs.fat32.version[0] = 0;
      bs.fat32.version[1] = 0;
      bs.fat32.root_cluster = CT_LE_L(2);
      bs.fat32.info_sector = CT_LE_W(1);
      if (!backup_boot)
	backup_boot = (reserved_sectors >= 7) ? 6 :
		      (reserved_sectors >= 2) ? reserved_sectors-1 : 0;
      else
	{
	  if (backup_boot == 1)
	    die("Backup boot sector must be after sector 1");
	  else if (backup_boot >= reserved_sectors)
	    die("Backup boot sector must be a reserved sector");
	}
      if (verbose >= 2)
	printf( "Using sector %d as backup boot sector (0 = none)\n",
		backup_boot );
      bs.fat32.backup_boot = CT_LE_W(backup_boot);
      memset( &bs.fat32.reserved2, 0, sizeof(bs.fat32.reserved2) );
    }
  
  if (atari_format) {
      /* Just some consistency checks */
      if (num_sectors >= GEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS)
	  die( "GEMDOS can't handle more than 65531 sectors" );
      else if (num_sectors >= OLDGEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS)
	  printf( "Warning: More than 32765 sector need TOS 1.04 "
		  "or higher.\n" );
  }
  if (num_sectors >= 65536)
    {
      bs.sectors[0] = (char) 0;
      bs.sectors[1] = (char) 0;
      bs.total_sect = CT_LE_L(num_sectors);
    }
  else
    {
      bs.sectors[0] = (char) (num_sectors & 0x00ff);
      bs.sectors[1] = (char) ((num_sectors & 0xff00) >> 8);
      if (!atari_format)
	  bs.total_sect = CT_LE_L(0);
    }

  if (!atari_format)
    vi->ext_boot_sign = MSDOS_EXT_SIGN;

  if (!cluster_count)
    {
      if (sectors_per_cluster)	/* If yes, die if we'd spec'd sectors per cluster */
	die ("Too many clusters for file system - try more sectors per cluster");
      else
	die ("Attempting to create a too large file system");
    }

  
  /* The two following vars are in hard sectors, i.e. 512 byte sectors! */
  start_data_sector = (reserved_sectors + nr_fats * fat_length) *
		      (sector_size/HARD_SECTOR_SIZE);
  start_data_block = (start_data_sector + SECTORS_PER_BLOCK - 1) /
		     SECTORS_PER_BLOCK;

  if (blocks < start_data_block + 32)	/* Arbitrary undersize file system! */
    die ("Too few blocks for viable file system");

  if (verbose)
    {
      printf("%s has %d head%s and %d sector%s per track,\n",
	     device_name, CF_LE_W(bs.heads), (CF_LE_W(bs.heads) != 1) ? "s" : "",
	     CF_LE_W(bs.secs_track), (CF_LE_W(bs.secs_track) != 1) ? "s" : ""); 
      printf("logical sector size is %d,\n",sector_size);
      printf("using 0x%02x media descriptor, with %d sectors;\n",
	     (int) (bs.media), num_sectors);
      printf("file system has %d %d-bit FAT%s and %d sector%s per cluster.\n",
	     (int) (bs.fats), size_fat, (bs.fats != 1) ? "s" : "",
	     (int) (bs.cluster_size), (bs.cluster_size != 1) ? "s" : "");
      printf ("FAT size is %d sector%s, and provides %d cluster%s.\n",
	      fat_length, (fat_length != 1) ? "s" : "",
	      cluster_count, (cluster_count != 1) ? "s" : "");
      if (size_fat != 32)
	printf ("Root directory contains %d slots.\n",
		(int) (bs.dir_entries[0]) + (int) (bs.dir_entries[1]) * 256);
      printf ("Volume ID is %08lx, ", volume_id &
	      (atari_format ? 0x00ffffff : 0xffffffff));
      if ( strcmp(volume_name, "           ") )
	printf("volume label %s.\n", volume_name);
      else
	printf("no volume label.\n");
    }

  /* Make the file allocation tables! */

  if ((fat = (unsigned char *) malloc (fat_length * sector_size)) == NULL)
    die ("unable to allocate space for FAT image in memory");

  memset( fat, 0, fat_length * sector_size );

  mark_FAT_cluster (0, 0xffffffff);	/* Initial fat entries */
  mark_FAT_cluster (1, 0xffffffff);
  fat[0] = (unsigned char) bs.media;	/* Put media type in first byte! */
  if (size_fat == 32) {
    /* Mark cluster 2 as EOF (used for root dir) */
    mark_FAT_cluster (2, FAT_EOF);
  }

  /* Make the root directory entries */

  size_root_dir = (size_fat == 32) ?
		  bs.cluster_size*sector_size :
		  (((int)bs.dir_entries[1]*256+(int)bs.dir_entries[0]) *
		   sizeof (struct msdos_dir_entry));
  if ((root_dir = (struct msdos_dir_entry *) malloc (size_root_dir)) == NULL)
    {
      free (fat);		/* Tidy up before we die! */
      die ("unable to allocate space for root directory in memory");
    }

  memset(root_dir, 0, size_root_dir);
  if ( memcmp(volume_name, "           ", 11) )
    {
      struct msdos_dir_entry *de = &root_dir[0];
      memcpy(de->name, volume_name, 11);
      de->attr = ATTR_VOLUME;
      ctime = localtime(&create_time);
      de->time = CT_LE_W((unsigned short)((ctime->tm_sec >> 1) +
			  (ctime->tm_min << 5) + (ctime->tm_hour << 11)));
      de->date = CT_LE_W((unsigned short)(ctime->tm_mday +
					  ((ctime->tm_mon+1) << 5) +
					  ((ctime->tm_year-80) << 9)));
      de->ctime_ms = 0;
      de->ctime = de->time;
      de->cdate = de->date;
      de->adate = de->date;
      de->starthi = CT_LE_W(0);
      de->start = CT_LE_W(0);
      de->size = CT_LE_L(0);
    }

  if (size_fat == 32) {
    /* For FAT32, create an info sector */
    struct fat32_fsinfo *info;
    
    if (!(info_sector = malloc( sector_size )))
      die("Out of memory");
    memset(info_sector, 0, sector_size);
    /* fsinfo structure is at offset 0x1e0 in info sector by observation */
    info = (struct fat32_fsinfo *)(info_sector + 0x1e0);

    /* Info sector magic */
    info_sector[0] = 'R';
    info_sector[1] = 'R';
    info_sector[2] = 'a';
    info_sector[3] = 'A';

    /* Magic for fsinfo structure */
    info->signature = CT_LE_L(0x61417272);
    /* We've allocated cluster 2 for the root dir. */
    info->free_clusters = CT_LE_L(cluster_count - 1);
    info->next_cluster = CT_LE_L(2);

    /* Info sector also must have boot sign */
    *(__u16 *)(info_sector + 0x1fe) = CT_LE_W(BOOT_SIGN);
  }
  
  if (!(blank_sector = malloc( sector_size )))
      die( "Out of memory" );
  memset(blank_sector, 0, sector_size);
}


/* Write the new filesystem's data tables to wherever they're going to end up! */

#define error(str)				\
  do {						\
    free (fat);					\
    if (info_sector) free (info_sector);	\
    free (root_dir);				\
    die (str);					\
  } while(0)

#define seekto(pos,errstr)						\
  do {									\
    loff_t __pos = (pos);						\
    if (llseek (dev, __pos, SEEK_SET) != __pos)				\
	error ("seek to " errstr " failed whilst writing tables");	\
  } while(0)

#define writebuf(buf,size,errstr)			\
  do {							\
    int __size = (size);				\
    if (write (dev, buf, __size) != __size)		\
	error ("failed whilst writing " errstr);	\
  } while(0)


static void
write_tables (void)
{
  int x;
  int fat_length;
#ifdef _WIN32
  int blk;
#endif

  fat_length = (size_fat == 32) ?
	       CF_LE_L(bs.fat32.fat32_length) : CF_LE_W(bs.fat_length);

  seekto( 0, "start of device" );
  /* clear all reserved sectors */
  for( x = 0; x < reserved_sectors; ++x )
    writebuf( blank_sector, sector_size, "reserved sector" );
  /* seek back to sector 0 and write the boot sector */
  seekto( 0, "boot sector" );
  writebuf( (char *) &bs, sizeof (struct msdos_boot_sector), "boot sector" );
  /* on FAT32, write the info sector and backup boot sector */
  if (size_fat == 32)
    {
      seekto( CF_LE_W(bs.fat32.info_sector)*sector_size, "info sector" );
      writebuf( info_sector, 512, "info sector" );
      if (backup_boot != 0)
	{
	  seekto( backup_boot*sector_size, "backup boot sector" );
	  writebuf( (char *) &bs, sizeof (struct msdos_boot_sector),
		    "backup boot sector" );
	}
    }
  /* seek to start of FATS and write them all */
  seekto( reserved_sectors*sector_size, "first FAT" );