kiinit.c

ReactOS是一些高手根据Windows XP的内核编写出的类XP。内核实现机理和API函数调用几乎相同。甚至可以兼容XP的程序。喜欢研究系统内核的人可以看一看。

                   IN PKTHREAD InitThread,
                   IN PVOID IdleStack,
                   IN PKPRCB Prcb,
                   IN CCHAR Number,
                   IN PLOADER_PARAMETER_BLOCK LoaderBlock)
{
    BOOLEAN NpxPresent;
    ULONG FeatureBits;
    LARGE_INTEGER PageDirectory;
    PVOID DpcStack;
    ULONG Vendor[3];

    /* Detect and set the CPU Type */
    KiSetProcessorType();

    /* Set CR0 features based on detected CPU */
    KiSetCR0Bits();

    /* Check if an FPU is present */
    NpxPresent = KiIsNpxPresent();

    /* Initialize the Power Management Support for this PRCB */
    PoInitializePrcb(Prcb);

    /* Bugcheck if this is a 386 CPU */
    if (Prcb->CpuType == 3) KeBugCheckEx(0x5D, 0x386, 0, 0, 0);

    /* Get the processor features for the CPU */
    FeatureBits = KiGetFeatureBits();

    /* Set the default NX policy (opt-in) */
    SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_OPTIN;

    /* Check if NPX is always on */
    if (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=ALWAYSON"))
    {
        /* Set it always on */
        SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_ALWAYSON;
        FeatureBits |= KF_NX_ENABLED;
    }
    else if (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=OPTOUT"))
    {
        /* Set it in opt-out mode */
        SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_OPTOUT;
        FeatureBits |= KF_NX_ENABLED;
    }
    else if ((strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=OPTIN")) ||
             (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE")))
    {
        /* Set the feature bits */
        FeatureBits |= KF_NX_ENABLED;
    }
    else if ((strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=ALWAYSOFF")) ||
             (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "EXECUTE")))
    {
        /* Set disabled mode */
        SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_ALWAYSOFF;
        FeatureBits |= KF_NX_DISABLED;
    }

    /* Save feature bits */
    Prcb->FeatureBits = FeatureBits;

    /* Save CPU state */
    KiSaveProcessorControlState(&Prcb->ProcessorState);

    /* Get cache line information for this CPU */
    KiGetCacheInformation();

    /* Initialize spinlocks and DPC data */
    KiInitSpinLocks(Prcb, Number);

    /* Check if this is the Boot CPU */
    if (!Number)
    {
        /* Set Node Data */
        KeNodeBlock[0] = &KiNode0;
        Prcb->ParentNode = KeNodeBlock[0];
        KeNodeBlock[0]->ProcessorMask = Prcb->SetMember;

        /* Set boot-level flags */
        KeI386NpxPresent = NpxPresent;
        KeI386CpuType = Prcb->CpuType;
        KeI386CpuStep = Prcb->CpuStep;
        KeProcessorArchitecture = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL;
        KeProcessorLevel = (USHORT)Prcb->CpuType;
        if (Prcb->CpuID) KeProcessorRevision = Prcb->CpuStep;
        KeFeatureBits = FeatureBits;
        KeI386FxsrPresent = (KeFeatureBits & KF_FXSR) ? TRUE : FALSE;
        KeI386XMMIPresent = (KeFeatureBits & KF_XMMI) ? TRUE : FALSE;

        /* Detect 8-byte compare exchange support */
        if (!(KeFeatureBits & KF_CMPXCHG8B))
        {
            /* Copy the vendor string */
            RtlCopyMemory(Vendor, Prcb->VendorString, sizeof(Vendor));

            /* Bugcheck the system. Windows *requires* this */
            KeBugCheckEx(0x5D,
                         (1 << 24 ) | (Prcb->CpuType << 16) | Prcb->CpuStep,
                         Vendor[0],
                         Vendor[1],
                         Vendor[2]);
        }

        /* Set the current MP Master KPRCB to the Boot PRCB */
        Prcb->MultiThreadSetMaster = Prcb;

        /* Lower to APC_LEVEL */
        KeLowerIrql(APC_LEVEL);

        /* Initialize some spinlocks */
        KeInitializeSpinLock(&KiFreezeExecutionLock);
        KeInitializeSpinLock(&Ki486CompatibilityLock);

        /* Initialize portable parts of the OS */
        KiInitSystem();

        /* Initialize the Idle Process and the Process Listhead */
        InitializeListHead(&KiProcessListHead);
        PageDirectory.QuadPart = 0;
        KeInitializeProcess(InitProcess,
                            0,
                            0xFFFFFFFF,
                            &PageDirectory,
                            FALSE);
        InitProcess->QuantumReset = MAXCHAR;
    }
    else
    {
        /* FIXME */
        DPRINT1("SMP Boot support not yet present\n");
    }

    /* Setup the Idle Thread */
    KeInitializeThread(InitProcess,
                       InitThread,
                       NULL,
                       NULL,
                       NULL,
                       NULL,
                       NULL,
                       IdleStack);
    InitThread->NextProcessor = Number;
    InitThread->Priority = HIGH_PRIORITY;
    InitThread->State = Running;
    InitThread->Affinity = 1 << Number;
    InitThread->WaitIrql = DISPATCH_LEVEL;
    InitProcess->ActiveProcessors = 1 << Number;

    /* HACK for MmUpdatePageDir */
    ((PETHREAD)InitThread)->ThreadsProcess = (PEPROCESS)InitProcess;

    /* Initialize Kernel Memory Address Space */
    MmInit1(MmFreeLdrFirstKrnlPhysAddr,
            MmFreeLdrLastKrnlPhysAddr,
            MmFreeLdrLastKernelAddress,
            KeMemoryMap,
            KeMemoryMapRangeCount,
            4096);

    /* Set basic CPU Features that user mode can read */
    SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_MMX_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
        (KeFeatureBits & KF_MMX) ? TRUE: FALSE;
    SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_COMPARE_EXCHANGE_DOUBLE] =
        (KeFeatureBits & KF_CMPXCHG8B) ? TRUE: FALSE;
    SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_XMMI_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
        ((KeFeatureBits & KF_FXSR) && (KeFeatureBits & KF_XMMI)) ? TRUE: FALSE;
    SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_XMMI64_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
        ((KeFeatureBits & KF_FXSR) && (KeFeatureBits & KF_XMMI64)) ? TRUE: FALSE;
    SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_3DNOW_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
        (KeFeatureBits & KF_3DNOW) ? TRUE: FALSE;
    SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_RDTSC_INSTRUCTION_AVAILABLE] =
        (KeFeatureBits & KF_RDTSC) ? TRUE: FALSE;

    /* Set up the thread-related fields in the PRCB */
    Prcb->CurrentThread = InitThread;
    Prcb->NextThread = NULL;
    Prcb->IdleThread = InitThread;

    /* Initialize the Kernel Executive */
    ExpInitializeExecutive(Number, LoaderBlock);

    /* Only do this on the boot CPU */
    if (!Number)
    {
        /* Calculate the time reciprocal */
        KiTimeIncrementReciprocal =
            KiComputeReciprocal(KeMaximumIncrement,
                                &KiTimeIncrementShiftCount);

        /* Update DPC Values in case they got updated by the executive */
        Prcb->MaximumDpcQueueDepth = KiMaximumDpcQueueDepth;
        Prcb->MinimumDpcRate = KiMinimumDpcRate;
        Prcb->AdjustDpcThreshold = KiAdjustDpcThreshold;

        /* Allocate the DPC Stack */
        DpcStack = MmCreateKernelStack(FALSE);
        if (!DpcStack) KeBugCheckEx(NO_PAGES_AVAILABLE, 1, 0, 0, 0);
        Prcb->DpcStack = (PVOID)((ULONG_PTR)DpcStack + KERNEL_STACK_SIZE);

        /* Allocate the IOPM save area. */
        Ki386IopmSaveArea = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(PagedPool,
                                                  PAGE_SIZE * 2,
                                                  TAG('K', 'e', ' ', ' '));
        if (!Ki386IopmSaveArea)
        {
            /* Bugcheck. We need this for V86/VDM support. */
            KeBugCheckEx(NO_PAGES_AVAILABLE, 2, PAGE_SIZE * 2, 0, 0);
        }
    }

    /* Raise to Dispatch */
    KfRaiseIrql(DISPATCH_LEVEL);

    /* Set the Idle Priority to 0. This will jump into Phase 1 */
    KeSetPriorityThread(InitThread, 0);

    /* If there's no thread scheduled, put this CPU in the Idle summary */
    KiAcquirePrcbLock(Prcb);
    if (!Prcb->NextThread) KiIdleSummary |= 1 << Number;
    KiReleasePrcbLock(Prcb);

    /* Raise back to HIGH_LEVEL and clear the PRCB for the loader block */
    KfRaiseIrql(HIGH_LEVEL);
    LoaderBlock->Prcb = 0;
}

VOID
FASTCALL
KiGetMachineBootPointers(IN PKGDTENTRY *Gdt,
                         IN PKIDTENTRY *Idt,
                         IN PKIPCR *Pcr,
                         IN PKTSS *Tss)
{
    KDESCRIPTOR GdtDescriptor = {0}, IdtDescriptor = {0};
    KGDTENTRY TssSelector, PcrSelector;
    USHORT Tr = 0, Fs;

    /* Get GDT and IDT descriptors */
    Ke386GetGlobalDescriptorTable(*(PKDESCRIPTOR)&GdtDescriptor.Limit);
    Ke386GetInterruptDescriptorTable(*(PKDESCRIPTOR)&IdtDescriptor.Limit);

    /* Save IDT and GDT */
    *Gdt = (PKGDTENTRY)GdtDescriptor.Base;
    *Idt = (PKIDTENTRY)IdtDescriptor.Base;

    /* Get TSS and FS Selectors */
    Ke386GetTr(Tr);
    if (Tr != KGDT_TSS) Tr = KGDT_TSS; // FIXME: HACKHACK
    Fs = Ke386GetFs();

    /* Get PCR Selector, mask it and get its GDT Entry */
    PcrSelector = *(PKGDTENTRY)((ULONG_PTR)*Gdt + (Fs & ~RPL_MASK));

    /* Get the KPCR itself */
    *Pcr = (PKIPCR)(ULONG_PTR)(PcrSelector.BaseLow |
                               PcrSelector.HighWord.Bytes.BaseMid << 16 |
                               PcrSelector.HighWord.Bytes.BaseHi << 24);

    /* Get TSS Selector, mask it and get its GDT Entry */
    TssSelector = *(PKGDTENTRY)((ULONG_PTR)*Gdt + (Tr & ~RPL_MASK));

    /* Get the KTSS itself */
    *Tss = (PKTSS)(ULONG_PTR)(TssSelector.BaseLow |
                              TssSelector.HighWord.Bytes.BaseMid << 16 |
                              TssSelector.HighWord.Bytes.BaseHi << 24);
}

VOID
NTAPI
KiSystemStartup(IN PLOADER_PARAMETER_BLOCK LoaderBlock)
{
    ULONG Cpu;
    PKTHREAD InitialThread;
    ULONG InitialStack;
    PKGDTENTRY Gdt;
    PKIDTENTRY Idt;
    PKTSS Tss;
    PKIPCR Pcr;

    /* Save the loader block and get the current CPU */
    KeLoaderBlock = LoaderBlock;
    Cpu = KeNumberProcessors;
    if (!Cpu)
    {
        /* If this is the boot CPU, set FS and the CPU Number*/
        Ke386SetFs(KGDT_R0_PCR);
        __writefsdword(KPCR_PROCESSOR_NUMBER, Cpu);

        /* Set the initial stack and idle thread as well */
        LoaderBlock->KernelStack = (ULONG_PTR)P0BootStack;
        LoaderBlock->Thread = (ULONG_PTR)&KiInitialThread;
    }

    /* Save the initial thread and stack */
    InitialStack = LoaderBlock->KernelStack;
    InitialThread = (PKTHREAD)LoaderBlock->Thread;

    /* Clean the APC List Head */
    InitializeListHead(&InitialThread->ApcState.ApcListHead[KernelMode]);

    /* Initialize the machine type */
    KiInitializeMachineType();

    /* Skip initial setup if this isn't the Boot CPU */
    if (Cpu) goto AppCpuInit;

    /* Get GDT, IDT, PCR and TSS pointers */
    KiGetMachineBootPointers(&Gdt, &Idt, &Pcr, &Tss);

    /* Setup the TSS descriptors and entries */
    Ki386InitializeTss(Tss, Idt, Gdt);

    /* Initialize the PCR */
    RtlZeroMemory(Pcr, PAGE_SIZE);
    KiInitializePcr(Cpu,
                    Pcr,
                    Idt,
                    Gdt,
                    Tss,
                    InitialThread,
                    KiDoubleFaultStack);

    /* Set us as the current process */
    InitialThread->ApcState.Process = &KiInitialProcess.Pcb;

    /* Clear DR6/7 to cleanup bootloader debugging */
    __writefsdword(KPCR_TEB, 0);
    __writefsdword(KPCR_DR6, 0);
    __writefsdword(KPCR_DR7, 0);

    /* Setup the IDT */
    KeInitExceptions();

    /* Load Ring 3 selectors for DS/ES */
    Ke386SetDs(KGDT_R3_DATA | RPL_MASK);
    Ke386SetEs(KGDT_R3_DATA | RPL_MASK);

AppCpuInit:
    /* Loop until we can release the freeze lock */
    do
    {
        /* Loop until execution can continue */
        while (*(volatile PKSPIN_LOCK*)&KiFreezeExecutionLock == (PVOID)1);
    } while(InterlockedBitTestAndSet((PLONG)&KiFreezeExecutionLock, 0));

    /* Setup CPU-related fields */
    __writefsdword(KPCR_NUMBER, Cpu);
    __writefsdword(KPCR_SET_MEMBER, 1 << Cpu);
    __writefsdword(KPCR_SET_MEMBER_COPY, 1 << Cpu);
    __writefsdword(KPCR_PRCB_SET_MEMBER, 1 << Cpu);

    /* Initialize the Processor with HAL */
    HalInitializeProcessor(Cpu, KeLoaderBlock);

    /* Set active processors */
    KeActiveProcessors |= __readfsdword(KPCR_SET_MEMBER);
    KeNumberProcessors++;

    /* Check if this is the boot CPU */
    if (!Cpu)
    {
        /* Initialize debugging system */
        KdInitSystem(0, KeLoaderBlock);

        /* Check for break-in */
        if (KdPollBreakIn()) DbgBreakPointWithStatus(1);
    }

    /* Raise to HIGH_LEVEL */
    KfRaiseIrql(HIGH_LEVEL);

    /* Align stack and make space for the trap frame and NPX frame */
    InitialStack &= ~(KTRAP_FRAME_ALIGN - 1);

    /* Switch to new kernel stack and start kernel bootstrapping */
    KiSetupStackAndInitializeKernel(&KiInitialProcess.Pcb,
                                    InitialThread,
                                    (PVOID)InitialStack,
                                    (PKPRCB)__readfsdword(KPCR_PRCB),
                                    (CCHAR)Cpu,
                                    KeLoaderBlock);
}