📄 imageprocessing.m
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%产生窗口
screen=get(0,'ScreenSize');
W=screen(3);H=screen(4);
hf=figure('Color',[1,1,1],...
'Name','身份证号码识别演示系统','NumberTitle','off','MenuBar','none');
%绘画框[left bottom width height]
%uicontrol(gcf,'Style','Frame','Position',[0,0.55,0.45,0.45],...
%'Units','normalized','back',[1,1,1]);
%定义Plot菜单项,gcf图形窗口句柄,hfile一级菜单句柄
hfile=uimenu(gcf,'Label','&文件');
hprocess=uimenu(gcf,'Label','&图像处理');
[namefile,pathname]=uigetfile('*.bmp','打开图像');
[i2,map]=imread(strcat(pathname,namefile));%选择打开图片
I2 =rgb2gray(i2);%灰度图像
i3=im2bw(I2,0.75);%将其转化为二值图像
i4=imcrop(i3,[300 350 400 300]);%分割图像
i5=imcrop(i3,[300 430 400 40]); %定位身份证号码
i6=medfilt2(i5,[2 2]); %窗口大小为2*2
i7=double(i6); %卷积运算不支持unit8类型，%所以将图像矩阵转化为double类型
h=[0 1 0
1 -4 0
0 1 0];
j=conv2(i,h,'same'); %拉氏算子对图像滤波
k=i-j; %增强图像为原始图像减去拉氏算子滤波的图像
se=strel('line',2,45);
i8=imdilate(i7,se);%膨胀
se=strel('line',2,45);
i9=imerode(i8,se)%腐蚀
uimenu(hfile,'Label','打开','Call',['subplot(1,1,1);','imshow(i2)']);%显示原图
uimenu(hfile,'Label','退出','Call','close(gcf)');
uimenu(hprocess,'Label','灰度图像','Call',['subplot(1,1,1);','imshow(I2)']);%显示灰度图像
uimenu(hprocess,'Label','二值化图像','Call',['subplot(1,1,1);','imshow(i3)']);%显示二值化图像
uimenu(hprocess,'Label','分割图像','Call',['subplot(1,1,1);','imshow(i4)']);%分割图像
uimenu(hprocess,'Label','定位身份证号码','Call',['subplot(1,1,1);','imshow(i5)']);%定位身份证号码
uimenu(hprocess,'Label','中值滤波','Call',['subplot(1,1,1);','imshow(i6)']);%中值滤波
uimenu(hprocess,'Label','锐化','Call',['subplot(1,1,1);','imshow(i8)']);%锐化
%利用双峰法对一幅灰度图像进行灰度分割处理
%添加按钮命令
hpush1=uicontrol(gcf,'Style','push','Unit','normalized',...
'Posi',[0.02,0.05,0.15,0.08],'String',...
'二值化','Call',['imshow(i3)']);
uicontrol(gcf,'Style','push','Unit','normalized',...
'Posi',[0.90,0.05,0.10,0.10],'String',...
'关 闭','Call','close all');
hpopup=uicontrol(gcf,'Style','popup','Unit','normalized',...
'Posi',[0.85,0.8,0.15,0.15],'String',...
'灰度图像|二值化图像|分割图像|定位身份证号码','Call',...
'imshow(I2)');
hc=uicontextmenu; %建立快捷菜单
hls=uimenu(hc,'Label','背景颜色'); %建立菜单项
uimenu(hls,'Label','&Red','Accelerator','r',...
'Call','set(gcf,''Color'',''r'');');
uimenu(hls,'Label','&Blue','Accelerator','b',...
'Call','set(gcf,''Color'',''b'');');
uimenu(hls,'Label','&Yellow','Call',...
'set(gcf,''Color'',''y'');');
uimenu(hls,'Label','&White','Call',...
'set(gcf,''Color'',''w'');');
set(gcf,'UIContextMenu',hc); %将该快捷菜单和曲线对象联系起来
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%切割程序
I=im2bw(i5,0.43);
[y x]=size(I);
Top=zeros(1,x); % 顶端轮廓检测
for i=1:x
j=1;
while ((I(j,i)==1)&(j<y))
j=j+1;
end
Top(i)=y-j;
end
Bottom=zeros(1,x); % 底部轮廓检测
for i=1:x
j=y;
while ((I(j,i)==1)&(j>1))
j=j-1;
end
Bottom(i)=y-j;
end
Height=Top-Bottom;
WordHeight=max(Height); % 文字高度
%=== 轮廓线的凹检测 ===%
TopD=zeros(1,x-1);
Concave=1; % 记录凹轮廓处的位置, 1表示默认起始列为第一个Concave
Deep=0; % 下降值
DeepH=0; % 上升值
DeepT=5; % 凹轮廓的深度阈值
Sign=0;
for i=1:x-1
TopD(i)=Top(i+1)-Top(i);
end
for i=1:x-2
if (TopD(i)<0) % 判断是否为凹轮廓
Sign=1; % 置标志位
DeepH=0;
Deep=Deep+TopD(i);
tempX=i+1; % 下一列可能为切分的Concave， 最接近于左端
end
if ((Sign==1)&(TopD(i)>0))
if (abs(Deep)>=DeepT)
DeepH=DeepH+TopD(i);
if (abs(DeepH)>=DeepT)
Concave=[Concave tempX];
Sign=0; % 确认为凹后，复位标志位
DeepH=0;
end
else
Sign=0; % 确认为凹后，复位标志位
Deep=0;
end
end
end
%=== 轮廓线的凸检测 ===%
BottomD=zeros(1,x-1);
Convex=1;
Asend=0; % 上升值
Desend=0; % 下降值
ConvexT=3; % 凸程度阈值
Sign=0;
for i=1:x-1
BottomD(i)=Bottom(i+1)-Bottom(i);
end
for i=1:x-2
if (BottomD(i)>0)
Sign=1;
Desend=0;
Asend=Asend+BottomD(i);
tempX=i+1; % 最接近于左端
end
if((Sign==1)&(BottomD(i)<0))
if (abs(Asend)>=ConvexT)
Desend=Desend+BottomD(i);
if (abs(Desend)>=ConvexT)
Convex=[Convex tempX];
Sign=0; % 复位
Desend=0;
end
else
Sign=0; % 复位
Asend=0;
end
end
end
%=== 切分 ===%
[mytemp n]=size(Concave); % 注意 Concave 的第一个数值无效
StrokeT=5; % 笔划宽度阈值
GapT=8;
W=zeros(1,n);
for i=1:n-1
W(i)=Concave(i+1)-Concave(i);
end
W(n)=x-Concave(n);
Width=median(W); % 近似的字符宽度
PXR1=1; % 记录第一次切分位置
PXR2=1; % 记录第二次切分位置
Mark=0; % 记录黑白转换的次数
%CrossSign=0; % 交错粘连的标志
Black=zeros(1,x); % 统计笔划像素点
BP=zeros(1,x);
SegSoke=zeros(3,x); % 切分点处的笔划宽度
RH=zeros(1,x); % 切分后的高度比
RW=zeros(1,x); % 切分后的宽度比
Score=zeros(1,x); % 特征值的总得分
XGood=1; % X切分位置
SegY=1; % 记录第一次切分的Y深度
for k=2:n
WordH=max(Height(Concave(k-1):Concave(k)));
WordW=Concave(k)-Concave(k-1);
if ((WordW>=0.5*Width)&(WordW<=1.5*Width))
% 选定切分的区域
PX1=Concave(k);
PX2=PX1;
while ((TopD(PX2)==0)&(PX2<x))
PX2=PX2+1; % 凹右边的列位置
end
i=fix((PX1+PX2)/2);
if (Top(i)==1) % 无粘连
PXR1=[PXR1 i];
PXR2=[PXR2 i];
else
j=y+1-Top(i); % PY为实际的y坐标值，此处已为黑色像素点
Mark=0;
while((j<y)&(Mark<2))
if (I(j,i)==0)
Black(i)=Black(i)+1; % 记录黑色象素点数
Si=i;
while ((Si>1)&(I(j,Si)==0)) % 左笔划宽度
Si=Si-1;
SegSoke(1,i)=SegSoke(1,i)+1;
end
Si=i;
while ((Si<x)&(I(j,Si)==0)) % 右笔划宽度
Si=Si+1;
SegSoke(2,i)=SegSoke(2,i)+1;
end
end
Mark=Mark+abs(I(j+1,i)-I(j,i)); % 检测是否通过笔划
j=j+1;
end
SegY=[SegY j-1]; % 第一次切分截止处
if (j==38)
PXR1=[PXR1 i];
PXR2=[PXR2 i];
else % 单点粘连
SLi=i;
while ((SLi>1)&(I(j-1,SLi)==1)) % 选定区域左边界
SLi=SLi-1;
end
SRi=i;
while ((SRi<x)&(I(j-1,SRi)==1)) % 选定区域右边界
SRi=SRi+1;
end
[Mytemp PX2]=max(Bottom(SLi:SRi));
PXR2=[PXR2 PX2+SLi-1];
PXR1=[PXR1 i];
end
end
else if (WordW>1.5*Width)
PX=fix((Concave(k)+Concave(k-1))/2); % 避免水平“横”的粘连
k=k-1;
end
% 如果宽度过小，则不切分
end
end
%==== Segment识别程序 ===%
Char_str='0123456789';
ch2='.bmp';
Find_Chinese='';
max_v=0;
J=0;
d=zeros(18);
figure;
Hstr=''
for i=2:18
rc=zeros(1,10);
for j=1:10
WI=I(:,fix((PXR1(i-1)+PXR2(i-1))):fix((PXR1(i)+PXR2(i))));
subplot(5,5,i),imshow(WI);title('');
Y=imresize(WI,[40,20]);
ch3=Char_str(j);
ch=[ch3,ch2];
NI1=imread(ch);
NI2=rgb2gray(NI1);
NI3=im2bw(NI2);
rc(j)=corr2(NI3,Y);
end
[D,e]=max(rc(:));
c=e-1;
fprintf(num2str(c))
Hstr=[Hstr,num2str(c)];
uicontrol(gcf,'Style','text', 'Unit','normalized',...
'Posi',[0.43,0.1,0.25,0.1],'String',...
'显示识别结果','Horizontal','center');
Htext=uicontrol(gcf,'Style','edit','Unit','normalized',...
'Posi',[0.63,0.1,0.25,0.1],'String',...
Hstr,'Horizontal','center');
end
end
Char_str='0123456789';
ch2='.bmp';
Find_Chinese='';
max_v=0;
J=0;
rc=zeros(1,10);
for j=1:10
WI=I(:,fix((PXR1(18)+PXR2(18))):x);
subplot(5,5,19),imshow(WI);title('');
Y=imresize(WI,[40,20]);
ch3=Char_str(j);
ch=[ch3,ch2];
NI1=imread(ch);
NI2=rgb2gray(NI1);
NI3=im2bw(NI2);
rc(j)=corr2(NI3,Y);
end
[D,e]=max(rc(:));
c=e-1;
fprintf(num2str(c))
Hstr=[Hstr,num2str(c)];
uicontrol(gcf,'Style','text', 'Unit','normalized',...
'Posi',[0.43,0.1,0.25,0.1],'String',...
'显示识别结果','Horizontal','center');
Htext=uicontrol(gcf,'Style','edit','Unit','normalized',...
'Posi',[0.63,0.1,0.25,0.1],'String',...
Hstr,'Horizontal','center');
end
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