lilo.8

LINUX lilo-22.7.1 源代码。

.I /boot
directory. It may also need an
.IR /etc/lilo.conf " file."
.TP
.BI "\-\^R " "command line"
This option sets the default command for the boot loader the next
time it executes. The boot loader will then erase this line: this
is a once-only command. It is typically used in reboot scripts,
just before calling `shutdown -r'.  Used without any arguments, it will
cancel a \fIlock\fP-ed or \fIfallback\fP command line.
.TP
.BI "\-\^s " save-file
When
.B lilo
writes a new boot sector, it preserves the former contents of the sector
in a file, named by default \fI/boot/boot.NNNN\fP,
where NNNN is the hexadecimal representation of the major and minor
device numbers of the drive/partition. This option specifies the backup
save file in one of three ways: a save directory (default is '/boot') using
the default filename 'boot.NNNN' in the specified directory; a pathname template
to which '.NNNN' is appended (default would be '/boot/boot');
or the full pathname of the file, which must include the correct '.NNNN'
suffix. When used with the
\fB-u\fP option, the full file pathname must be specified.
.TP
.BI "\-\^S " save-file
Normally,
.B lilo
will not overwrite an existing boot sector save file. This options says
that overwriting is to be forced. As with \fB-s\fP, the specification may be of a
save directory, pathname template, or full pathname (which includes the '.NNNN'
suffix.)
.TP
.BI "\-\^t "
Test only. Do not really write a new boot sector or map file.
Use together with \fB-v\fP to find out what
.B lilo
is about to do.
.TP
.BI "\-\^T " option
Print out system information, some of it extracted from the system
bios.  This is more convenient than booting the LILO diagnostic
floppy on problem systems.
.I option
may be any one of the following:
.IP
.nf
   help  - print a list of available diagnostics
   ChRul - list the partition types subject to
           Change-Rules
   EBDA  - list Extended BIOS Data Area information
   geom=<drive> list drive geometry for bios drive;
           e.g., geom=0x80
   geom  - list drive geometry for all drives
   table=<drive> list the primary partition table;
           e.g., table=/dev/sda
   video - list graphic modes available to boot
           loader
.fi
.TP
.BI "\-\^u " [device-name]
Uninstall \fIlilo\fP by copying the saved boot sector back.
The '-s' and '-C' switches may be used with this option.
The \fIdevice-name\fP is optional.  A time-stamp is checked.
.TP
.BI "\-\^U " [device-name]
Idem, but do not check the time-stamp.
.TP
.B "\-\^v"
Increase verbosity. Giving one to five \fB-v\fP options
will make lilo more verbose, or use, \fB-v\fP \fIn\fP (n=1..5) to
set verbosity level '\fIn\fP'.
.TP
.B "\-\^V"
Print version number.
.TP
.B "\-\^w"
Used as \fB-w\fP or \fB-w-\fP, suppress warning messages.
Used as \fB-w+\fP, override \fInowarn\fP in
the configuration file, and show warning messages.
.TP
.BI "\-\^x " option
For RAID installations only.  The option may be any of the keywords
.IR none ,
.IR auto ,
.IR mbr ,
.IR mbr-only ,
or a comma separated list of additional boot devices (no spaces allowed in
the list).
.TP
.BI "\-\^X"
Reserved for LILO internal use.  May produce different
output for different LILO versions. The line beginning "CFLAGS="
will contain the compiler options used to generate this version of LILO.
.TP
.B "\-\^z"
When used with the -M switch, clears the Volume-ID.  Usually used
in the following sequence to generate a new Volume-ID:
.nf
     lilo -z -M /dev/hda
     lilo -M /dev/hda
.fi
.br
.TP
.BI "\-\^Z " option
Tells the boot installer whether special precautions need to be taken
because the BIOS fails to pass the correct device code in DL (-Z0). Or may
specify that the BIOS always gets DL right (-Z1). Corresponds to, and
overrides, the configuration file option 'bios-passes-dl='.
.LP
The above command line options correspond to the key words
in the config file indicated below.
.IP
.TS
l l.
-b bootdev	boot=bootdev
-B file.bmp	bitmap=file.bmp
-c	compact
-d dsec	delay=dsec
-D label	default=label
-i boot-loader	install=boot-loader
-f file	disktab=file
-g	geometric
-l	linear
-L	lba32
-m mapfile	map=mapfile
-P fix	fix-table
-P ignore	ignore-table
-s file	backup=file
-S file	force-backup=file
-v [N]	verbose=N
-w	nowarn
-x option	raid-extra-boot=option
-Z option	bios-passes-dl=option
.TE
.SH "BOOT OPTIONS"
The options described here may be specified at on the command line when a
kernel image is booted.  These options are processed by LILO, and are
removed from the command line passed to the kernel, unless otherwise noted.
.LP
.TP
.BI lock
Locks the command line, as though 'lock' had been specified in 'lilo.conf.'
.TP
.BI "mem=###[,K,M,G]"
Specifies the maximum memory in the system in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes,
or gigabytes.
This option is not removed from the command line, and is always passed to
the kernel.
.TP
.BI nobd
Suppresses the BIOS data check.  This option is reserved for use with
non-IBM-compliant BIOS's which hang with the lines:
.sp
.nf
     Loading...............
     BIOS data check 
.fi
.TP
.BI "vga=[ASK,EXT,EXTENDED,NORMAL]"
Allows overriding the default video mode upon kernel startup.
.br
.SH BOOT ERRORS
The boot process takes place in two stages.  The first stage loader is a
single sector, and is loaded by the BIOS or by the loader in the MBR.  It
loads the multi-sector second stage loader, but is very space limited.  When
the first stage loader gets control, it types the letter "L"; when it is
ready to transfer control to the second stage loader it types the letter
"I".  If any error occurs, like a disk read error, it will put out a
hexadecimil error code, and then it will re-try the operation.  All hex
error codes are BIOS return values, except for the lilo-generated 40, 99 and 9A.
A partial list of error codes follows:
.br
.IP
.TS
l l.
00  no error
01  invalid disk command
02  address mark not found
03  disk write-protected
04  sector not found
06  floppy disk removed
08  DMA overrun
0A  bad sector flag
0B  bad track flag
20  controller failure
40  seek failure (BIOS)
40  cylinder>1023 (LILO)
99  invalid second stage index sector (LILO)
9A  no second stage loader signature (LILO)
AA  drive not ready
FF  sense operation failed
.TE
.br
.LP
Error code 40 is generated by the BIOS, or by LILO during the conversion of
a linear (24-bit) disk address to a geometric (C:H:S) address.  On older
systems which do not support lba32 (32-bit) addressing, this error may also
be generated.  Errors 99 and 9A usually mean the map file (-m or map=) is
not readable, likely because LILO was not re-run after some system change,
or there is a geometry mis-match between what LILO used (lilo -v3 to
display) and what is actually being used by the BIOS (one of the lilo
diagnostic disks, available in the source distribution, may be needed to
diagnose this problem).

When the second stage loader has received control from the first stage, it
prints the letter "L", and when it has initialized itself, including
verifying the "Descriptor Table" - the list of kernels/others to boot - it
will print the letter "O", to form the full word "LILO", in uppercase.

All second stage loader error messages are English text, and try to
pinpoint, more or less successfully, the point of failure.
.br
.SH INCOMPATIBILITIES
.B lilo
is known to have problems with the
.I reiserfs
introduced with the 2.2.x kernels, unless the file system is
mounted with the 'notail' option.  This incompatibilty has been
resolved with reiserfs 3.6.18 and lilo 21.6.
.I reiser4
introduced with the 2.5.x kernels requires lilo 22.5.2 or later.
.sp
Beginning with version 22.0, RAID installations write the boot record to
the RAID partition. Conditional writing of MBRs may occur to aid in making
the RAID set bootable in a recovery situation, but all default actions may
be overridden. Action similar to previous versions is
achieved using the `-x mbr-only' switch.
.SH BUGS
Configuration file options `backup' and `force-backup'
should specify a backup directory or backup file pathname template on
all RAID installations. Use of an explicit filename may not allow mulitple
backup files to be created correctly. It is best to use the default mechanism,
as it works correctly in all cases.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
fdisk(8), lilo.conf(5), mkrescue(8), mkinitrd(8).
.sp
The lilo distribution comes with very extensive TeX documentation through
Version 21.  Text file README's in the source directory provide updates on
more recent topics.
.SH "AUTHORS"
Werner Almesberger <[e-mail]> (versions 0 to 21)
.br
John Coffman <[e-mail]> (21.2 to present date)