📄 sec4-1.htm
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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>类型说明</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>:: </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>变量名</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>1=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>初值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>1[,</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>变量名</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>2=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>初值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>2,</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>…</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF6600'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>例如，要让实型变量</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>有初值</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>1.1</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>Y</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>有初值</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>2.2</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>Z</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>不置初值，</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>W</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>置初值</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>3.3</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，写类型说明语句：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>REAL:: X=1.1, Y=2.2, Z,
W=4.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>这样，既说明了类型，也为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>、</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>Y</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>、</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>W</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>置了初值。变量赋初值后，其值在执行过程中仍可改变。需要注意到，在过程中这种赋初值的方法实际上是对变量赋于了</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:fuchsia'>SAVE</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:fuchsia'>属性</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，即当过程被调用以后，变量的新值将被保存下来，过程再次被调用时变量的初值不再是类型说明语句中的初值，而是上次被保留下来的值。例如，如果希望上面的变量</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>在过程每次被调用时都有相同的初值，则应该写成：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>REAL, SAVE :: X, Y=2.2, Z,
W=4.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X=1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:
list 18.0pt;text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_1_1d"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>d)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>DATA</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;color:red'>语句</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>在</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F77</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>中，有一个专门给变量赋初值的说明语句，即</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:fuchsia'>DATA</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>语句。它的一般形式为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>DATA </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>变量名表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>1/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>初值表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>1/[[,]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>变量名表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>2/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>初值表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>2/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>…</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>变量名表可以是隐</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DO</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>循环，初值表中的常数之间须用逗号分开，重复的常数表值可以采用如下表示方法：<span
style='color:#FF9900'>重复次数</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>*</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>常数值</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>。在</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体'>DATA</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>语句中赋值的变量都有</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>SAVE</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>属性，除非变量名又出现在</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>COMMON</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>语句中，可以通过</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>SAVE</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>语句或类型说明中的</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>SAVE</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>属性对其显式说明。例如，可以对数组作以下的初始化：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DIMENSION A(10,10)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA A/100*1.0/<span
style='mso-tab-count:8'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>按数组变量名统一初始化</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA A(1,1), A(10,1), A(3,3)
/2*2.5, 2.0/<span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>! </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>按数组元素逐个初始化</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA
((A(I,J),I=1,5,2),J=1,5) /15*1.0/<span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>按隐</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DO</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>循环初始化</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>对字符串作初始化：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER
(LEN=10) name<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER
</span><st1:City><st1:place><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>BELL</span></st1:place></st1:City><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>, TAB, LF, FF, STARS*6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER*8
help<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA
<span class=SpellE>name,STARS</span> /'Zhang <span class=SpellE>Fei</span>','****'/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA
BELL,TAB,LF,FF /7,9,10,12/<span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>用</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>ACSII</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>控制字符码赋于字符变量</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>help(1:4),help(5:8) /2*'HELP'/<span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>! </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>用字符子串分段赋值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>对数值型数据作初始化：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>INTEGER
n, order, list(100)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>REAL
<span class=SpellE>coef</span>(4),<span class=SpellE>eps</span>(2),pi(5),x(5,5)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>COMPLEX*8
<span class=SpellE>cstuff</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>n/0/, order/3/, list/100*0/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>coef/1.0,2*3.0,1.0/, <span class=SpellE>eps</span>(1)/.00001/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>pi/5*3.14159/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>DATA<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>((x(<span class=SpellE>j,i</span>),<span
class=SpellE>i</span>=1,j),j=1,5)/15*1.0/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
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