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<body bgcolor="#DDFFEE" lang=ZH-TW link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:
21.0pt;text-justify-trim:punctuation'>

<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>

<p align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:15.6pt;
margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:
1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;text-autospace:none'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>第四章</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>: </span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>数据结构</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;
text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:
华文细黑;color:navy'>数据类型和属性</span></b><a name="第4_1"></a><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>本节主要介绍</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>的类型说明中新的种别和属性等概念，并且引进派生数据类型等数据结构用基本语句。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;
text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_1_1"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>4.1.1</span></a><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'> </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>类型说明语句</span><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:
list 18.0pt;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><a name="第4_1_1a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>一般形式</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>第一章中我们简单地按照</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F77</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>的传统方法介绍了数据类型和说明语句，这里将介绍具有现代特性的类型说明语句的书写形式。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>程序中的数据都有三个特征：<span style='color:fuchsia'>类型</span>、<span
style='color:fuchsia'>种别</span>、<span style='color:fuchsia'>属性</span>，由类型说明语句来定义说明。其一般形式是：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>类型说明</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>[(</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>种别说明</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>)][,</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>属性说明表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>] :: </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>变量名表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>[=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>初值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>例：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>REAL(KIND=2), DIMENSION(</span><st1:time
Minute="10" Hour="1"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>1:10</span></st1:time><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>):: X,Y<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>说明变量</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>Y</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>都是实型</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>,</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>种别是</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>2</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，属性是一维数组。这样</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>、</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>Y</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>实际上是两个种别参数为</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>2</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>的一维实型数组</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>,</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>各具有</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>10</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>个元素。在某些场合下，种别说明与属性说明可以省略，此时它的一般形式是最基本形式：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>类型说明</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>:: </span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>变量名表</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>下面逐一介绍变量在说明语句中说明类型、种别、属性的方法。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:
list 18.0pt;text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_1_1b"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>类型说明</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>内部类型一共有五种，三种数值型：整数型、实数型、复数型；两种非数值型：逻辑型、字符型。三种数值型变量的定义关键字分别是：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>INTEGER</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>REAL</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>COMPLEX</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>。例：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>INTEGER:: X,Y<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>REAL:: A,B<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>COMPLEX:: C,D<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F77</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>中的隐式说明不利于程序的可读性与可维护性，在</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>中不提倡使用。在</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>中，每个变量名都应该在说明部分中说明其类型，不应该使用隐式说明、为了抑制隐式说明发生作用，应该在程序说明部分开始就写出语句：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>IMIPLlCIT</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'> NONE<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>既声明不使用隐式说明。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:
list 18.0pt;text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_1_1c"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>c)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>赋初值</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>初值是指不需要在程序执行中赋值，当程序开始时变量已有初始的量，立即可以参加运算。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>中置初值不需要专门语句，只需在类型说明语句的变量表中，把要置的初值写在指定的变量名后即可。它的形式为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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