📄 sec6-1.htm
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<body bgcolor="#DDFFEE" lang=ZH-TW link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:
21.0pt;text-justify-trim:punctuation'>
<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
<p align=center style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:15.6pt;
margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:
1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;color:black'>第六章</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;color:black'>:</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:22.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;color:black'> </span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;color:black'>过程和模块</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
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0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><b><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;color:navy'>程序单元结构</span></b><a
name="第6_1"></a><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;
color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
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0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><a
name="第6_1_1"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>6.1.1</span></a><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>概述</span><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>FORTRAN</span><span lang=ZH-CN>程序应由一个主程序单元和若干个过程程序单元组成。编程前应先作结构化分析，把问题分解为若干个子功能，每个子功能编成一个独立的程序单元，称为过程程序单元。再编一个主程序单元，控制整个解题过程。在主程序单元中用简练的形式调用每个过程，每次调用就是执行该过程单元，<span
class=GramE>完成该子功能</span>，从而最终完成解题任务。本章介绍</span><span lang=EN-US>F90</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>中的程序单元、过程、范围、模块等概念。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中，共有四种程序单元：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:49.65pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
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mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 49.65pt left 89.4pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13 src="Sec6-1.files/image001.gif"
alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN>主程序</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:49.65pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
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mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13 src="Sec6-1.files/image001.gif"
alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span class=GramE><span lang=ZH-CN>过程或辅程序</span></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:49.65pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 49.65pt left 89.4pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
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style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13 src="Sec6-1.files/image001.gif"
alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN>块数据单元</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:49.65pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
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mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13 src="Sec6-1.files/image001.gif"
alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN>模块</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;line-height:17.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>其中模块是</span><span lang=EN-US>F90</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>新增加的一种程序单元。通过使用模块，可以方便地共享数据和过程。各种程序单元中，除主程序外，各程序单元可以被其他程序单元甚至自身调用。一个程序单元不需要包含可执行语句。包含内部子程序或函数的程序单元称为<span
style='color:fuchsia'>宿主</span>程序。下表是对这四种程序单元类型的定义：</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>程序单元</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>定义</span></p>
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:21.0pt 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>主程序</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
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none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:21.0pt 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>主程序是程序开始执行的标志，其第一条语句不能是</span><span
lang=EN-US>SUBROUTINE</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>FUNCTION</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>MODULE</span><span lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>BLOCK DATA</span><span lang=ZH-CN>。主程序可以用</span><span lang=EN-US>PROGRAM</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>语句作为第一条语句，但不是必需的</span></p>
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<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>
<td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.6pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:21.0pt 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>过程</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:21.0pt 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>子程序或函数</span></p>
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<td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.6pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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