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水木清华BBS

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9:&nbsp;java.net&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.1:&nbsp;How&nbsp;do&nbsp;I&nbsp;convert&nbsp;a&nbsp;numeric&nbsp;IP&nbsp;address&nbsp;like&nbsp;199.1.32.90&nbsp;into&nbsp;a&nbsp;hostname&nbsp;like&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;star.blackstar.com?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.2:&nbsp;How&nbsp;can&nbsp;a&nbsp;Java&nbsp;program&nbsp;talk&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;CGI&nbsp;program?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.3:&nbsp;How&nbsp;can&nbsp;an&nbsp;applet&nbsp;send&nbsp;email?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.4:&nbsp;How&nbsp;can&nbsp;I&nbsp;use&nbsp;ICMP&nbsp;in&nbsp;Java?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10:&nbsp;java.util&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10.1:&nbsp;How&nbsp;random&nbsp;is&nbsp;Random()?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10.2:&nbsp;How&nbsp;do&nbsp;I&nbsp;generate&nbsp;a&nbsp;random&nbsp;integer&nbsp;between&nbsp;a&nbsp;and&nbsp;b?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11:&nbsp;Common&nbsp;Errors&nbsp;and&nbsp;Problems&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.1:&nbsp;How&nbsp;Can&nbsp;I&nbsp;Avoid&nbsp;Flicker&nbsp;in&nbsp;an&nbsp;Applet?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.2:&nbsp;Can&nbsp;you&nbsp;explain&nbsp;CLASSPATH?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.3:&nbsp;Why&nbsp;won't&nbsp;my&nbsp;audio&nbsp;clip&nbsp;play?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.4:&nbsp;When&nbsp;I&nbsp;load&nbsp;the&nbsp;page&nbsp;Netscape&nbsp;gives&nbsp;me&nbsp;a&nbsp;java.lang.ClassFormatError.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.5:&nbsp;Netscape&nbsp;gives&nbsp;me&nbsp;&quot;Applet&nbsp;Not&nbsp;Initialized&nbsp;Error&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.6:&nbsp;Other&nbsp;Netscape&nbsp;Problems&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.7:&nbsp;I&nbsp;keep&nbsp;getting&nbsp;access&nbsp;privilege&nbsp;violations,&nbsp;&quot;&nbsp;Java&nbsp;tried&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;file&nbsp;foo.class&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;directory&nbsp;bar.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.8:&nbsp;Javac&nbsp;keeps&nbsp;insisting&nbsp;that&nbsp;it&nbsp;can't&nbsp;find&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;constructor&nbsp;function&nbsp;in&nbsp;my&nbsp;class,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but&nbsp;I'm&nbsp;sure&nbsp;it's&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;file&nbsp;I&nbsp;imported.&nbsp;Why&nbsp;is&nbsp;it&nbsp;even&nbsp;looking&nbsp;in&nbsp;my&nbsp;class&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;imported&nbsp;file?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.9:&nbsp;NullPointerExceptions&nbsp;with&nbsp;arrays&nbsp;of&nbsp;objects&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.10:&nbsp;Can't&nbsp;make&nbsp;static&nbsp;reference&nbsp;to&nbsp;method&nbsp;type&nbsp;myMethod&nbsp;in&nbsp;class&nbsp;myClass&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.11:&nbsp;Why&nbsp;do&nbsp;I&nbsp;have&nbsp;trouble&nbsp;when&nbsp;using&nbsp;==&nbsp;to&nbsp;compare&nbsp;Strings?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12:&nbsp;Security&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12.1:&nbsp;System&nbsp;Level&nbsp;Security&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12.2:&nbsp;User&nbsp;Level&nbsp;Security&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13:&nbsp;Tools&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.1:&nbsp;IDE&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.2:&nbsp;Debugger&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.3:&nbsp;Editors&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.4:&nbsp;YACC&nbsp;grammar&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.5:&nbsp;Profilers&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14:&nbsp;The&nbsp;Java&nbsp;Virtual&nbsp;Machine&nbsp;and&nbsp;Byte&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14.1:&nbsp;Can&nbsp;I&nbsp;program&nbsp;directly&nbsp;in&nbsp;byte&nbsp;code?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14.2:&nbsp;Optimizing&nbsp;Java&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15:&nbsp;Legal&nbsp;Issues&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16:&nbsp;FAQ's&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;FAQ&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16.1:&nbsp;Who&nbsp;is&nbsp;this&nbsp;Elliotte&nbsp;guy,&nbsp;and&nbsp;just&nbsp;what&nbsp;qualified&nbsp;him&nbsp;to&nbsp;write&nbsp;a&nbsp;Java&nbsp;FAQ&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anyway?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16.2:&nbsp;Why&nbsp;don't&nbsp;you&nbsp;include&nbsp;X&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;FAQ?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16.3:&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;really&nbsp;cool.&nbsp;Can&nbsp;I&nbsp;republish&nbsp;or&nbsp;translate&nbsp;it?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
1:&nbsp;What&nbsp;is&nbsp;Java?&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Java,&nbsp;formerly&nbsp;known&nbsp;as&nbsp;oak,&nbsp;is&nbsp;an&nbsp;object-oriented&nbsp;programming&nbsp;language&nbsp;developed&nbsp;by&nbsp;Sun.&nbsp;It&nbsp;<BR>
shares&nbsp;many&nbsp;superficial&nbsp;similarities&nbsp;with&nbsp;C,&nbsp;C++,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Objective&nbsp;C&nbsp;(for&nbsp;instance&nbsp;for&nbsp;loops&nbsp;have&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
same&nbsp;syntax&nbsp;in&nbsp;all&nbsp;four&nbsp;languages);&nbsp;but&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;any&nbsp;of&nbsp;those&nbsp;languages,&nbsp;nor&nbsp;have&nbsp;efforts&nbsp;<BR>
been&nbsp;made&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;it&nbsp;compatible&nbsp;with&nbsp;them.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Java&nbsp;is&nbsp;sometimes&nbsp;referred&nbsp;to&nbsp;as&nbsp;C++&nbsp;++&nbsp;--.&nbsp;The&nbsp;language&nbsp;was&nbsp;originally&nbsp;created&nbsp;because&nbsp;C++&nbsp;<BR>
proved&nbsp;inadequate&nbsp;for&nbsp;certain&nbsp;tasks.&nbsp;Since&nbsp;the&nbsp;designers&nbsp;were&nbsp;not&nbsp;burdened&nbsp;with&nbsp;compatibility&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>
existing&nbsp;languages,&nbsp;they&nbsp;were&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;experience&nbsp;and&nbsp;mistakes&nbsp;of&nbsp;previous&nbsp;<BR>
object-oriented&nbsp;languages.&nbsp;They&nbsp;added&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;things&nbsp;C++&nbsp;doesn't&nbsp;have&nbsp;like&nbsp;garbage&nbsp;collection&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
multithreading;&nbsp;and&nbsp;they&nbsp;threw&nbsp;away&nbsp;C++&nbsp;features&nbsp;that&nbsp;had&nbsp;proven&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;better&nbsp;in&nbsp;theory&nbsp;than&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
practice&nbsp;like&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;inheritance&nbsp;and&nbsp;operator&nbsp;overloading.&nbsp;(There's&nbsp;still&nbsp;argument&nbsp;over&nbsp;whether&nbsp;<BR>
they&nbsp;made&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;choices.&nbsp;I&nbsp;tend&nbsp;to&nbsp;think&nbsp;they&nbsp;were&nbsp;correct&nbsp;to&nbsp;throw&nbsp;out&nbsp;operator&nbsp;overloading&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;probably&nbsp;correct&nbsp;to&nbsp;throw&nbsp;out&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;inheritance.&nbsp;For&nbsp;now&nbsp;let's&nbsp;just&nbsp;say&nbsp;that&nbsp;neither&nbsp;choice&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>
likely&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;reviewed&nbsp;soon.)&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Even&nbsp;more&nbsp;importantly&nbsp;Java&nbsp;was&nbsp;designed&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;ground&nbsp;up&nbsp;to&nbsp;allow&nbsp;for&nbsp;secure&nbsp;execution&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
code&nbsp;across&nbsp;a&nbsp;network,&nbsp;even&nbsp;when&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;of&nbsp;that&nbsp;code&nbsp;was&nbsp;untrusted&nbsp;and&nbsp;possibly&nbsp;malicious.&nbsp;<BR>
This&nbsp;required&nbsp;the&nbsp;elimination&nbsp;of&nbsp;more&nbsp;features&nbsp;of&nbsp;C&nbsp;and&nbsp;C++.&nbsp;Most&nbsp;notably&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;no&nbsp;pointers&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
Java.&nbsp;Java&nbsp;programs&nbsp;cannot&nbsp;(at&nbsp;least&nbsp;in&nbsp;theory)&nbsp;access&nbsp;arbitrary&nbsp;addresses&nbsp;in&nbsp;memory.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Furthermore&nbsp;Java&nbsp;was&nbsp;designed&nbsp;not&nbsp;only&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;cross-platform&nbsp;in&nbsp;source&nbsp;form&nbsp;like&nbsp;C,&nbsp;but&nbsp;also&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
compiled&nbsp;binary&nbsp;form.&nbsp;Since&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;frankly&nbsp;impossible&nbsp;across&nbsp;processor&nbsp;architectures,&nbsp;Java&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>
compiled&nbsp;to&nbsp;an&nbsp;intermediate&nbsp;byte-code&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;interpreted&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;fly&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;Java&nbsp;interpreter.&nbsp;Thus&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;port&nbsp;Java&nbsp;programs&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;platform&nbsp;all&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;port&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;interpreter&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;<BR>
native&nbsp;code&nbsp;libraries.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Finally&nbsp;Java&nbsp;was&nbsp;designed&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;it&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;easier&nbsp;to&nbsp;write&nbsp;bugfree&nbsp;code.&nbsp;Shipping&nbsp;C&nbsp;code&nbsp;has,&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>
average,&nbsp;one&nbsp;bug&nbsp;per&nbsp;55&nbsp;lines&nbsp;of&nbsp;code.&nbsp;About&nbsp;half&nbsp;of&nbsp;these&nbsp;bugs&nbsp;are&nbsp;related&nbsp;to&nbsp;memory&nbsp;allocation&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;deallocation.&nbsp;Thus&nbsp;Java&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;features&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;bugs&nbsp;less&nbsp;common:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Strong&nbsp;Typing&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;unsafe&nbsp;constructs&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;language&nbsp;is&nbsp;small&nbsp;so&nbsp;its&nbsp;easy&nbsp;to&nbsp;become&nbsp;fluent.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;language&nbsp;is&nbsp;easy&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;and&nbsp;write.&nbsp;Obfuscated&nbsp;Java&nbsp;isn't&nbsp;nearly&nbsp;as&nbsp;common&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;obfuscated&nbsp;C.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;no&nbsp;undefined&nbsp;or&nbsp;architecture&nbsp;dependent&nbsp;constructs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Java&nbsp;is&nbsp;object&nbsp;oriented&nbsp;so&nbsp;reuse&nbsp;is&nbsp;easy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Java&nbsp;has&nbsp;concurrency.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
1.1:&nbsp;Where&nbsp;did&nbsp;Java&nbsp;come&nbsp;from?&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;the&nbsp;late&nbsp;1970's&nbsp;Bill&nbsp;Joy&nbsp;thought&nbsp;about&nbsp;doing&nbsp;a&nbsp;language&nbsp;that&nbsp;would&nbsp;merge&nbsp;the&nbsp;best&nbsp;features&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
MESA&nbsp;and&nbsp;C.&nbsp;However&nbsp;other&nbsp;projects&nbsp;(like&nbsp;cofounding&nbsp;Sun)&nbsp;intervened.&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;late&nbsp;1980's&nbsp;he&nbsp;got&nbsp;<BR>
Sun's&nbsp;engineers&nbsp;started&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;complete&nbsp;revision&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;UNIX&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;that&nbsp;involved&nbsp;<BR>
merging&nbsp;SunOS4.x&nbsp;with&nbsp;AT&amp;T's&nbsp;SYSVR4.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;1989&nbsp;Joy&nbsp;sold&nbsp;his&nbsp;Sun&nbsp;stock,&nbsp;invested&nbsp;heavily&nbsp;in&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;and&nbsp;moved&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;mainstream&nbsp;Sun&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
Aspen,&nbsp;Colorado.&nbsp;By&nbsp;the&nbsp;early&nbsp;90's&nbsp;Bill&nbsp;was&nbsp;getting&nbsp;tired&nbsp;of&nbsp;huge&nbsp;programs.&nbsp;He&nbsp;decided&nbsp;that&nbsp;he&nbsp;<BR>
wanted&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;write&nbsp;a&nbsp;10,000&nbsp;line&nbsp;program&nbsp;that&nbsp;made&nbsp;a&nbsp;difference.&nbsp;In&nbsp;late&nbsp;1990&nbsp;Bill&nbsp;wrote&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>
paper&nbsp;called&nbsp;Further&nbsp;which&nbsp;outlined&nbsp;his&nbsp;pitch&nbsp;to&nbsp;Sun&nbsp;engineers&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;should&nbsp;produce&nbsp;an&nbsp;object&nbsp;<BR>
environment&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;C++.&nbsp;Today&nbsp;Joy&nbsp;freely&nbsp;admits&nbsp;that&nbsp;C++&nbsp;was&nbsp;too&nbsp;complicated&nbsp;and&nbsp;wasn't&nbsp;up&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;the&nbsp;job.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Around&nbsp;this&nbsp;time&nbsp;James&nbsp;Gosling&nbsp;(of&nbsp;emacs&nbsp;fame)&nbsp;had&nbsp;been&nbsp;working&nbsp;for&nbsp;several&nbsp;months&nbsp;on&nbsp;an&nbsp;<BR>
SGML&nbsp;editor&nbsp;called&nbsp;&quot;Imagination&quot;&nbsp;using&nbsp;C++.&nbsp;The&nbsp;Oak&nbsp;language&nbsp;(now&nbsp;Java)&nbsp;grew&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;Gosling's&nbsp;<BR>
frustration&nbsp;with&nbsp;C++&nbsp;on&nbsp;his&nbsp;&quot;Imagination&quot;&nbsp;project.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Patrick&nbsp;Naughton,&nbsp;then&nbsp;of&nbsp;Sun,&nbsp;now&nbsp;vice-president&nbsp;of&nbsp;technology&nbsp;at&nbsp;StarWave,&nbsp;started&nbsp;the&nbsp;Green&nbsp;<BR>
Project&nbsp;on&nbsp;December&nbsp;5th,&nbsp;1990.&nbsp;Naughton&nbsp;defined&nbsp;the&nbsp;project&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;effort&nbsp;to&nbsp;&quot;do&nbsp;fewer&nbsp;things&nbsp;<BR>
better&quot;.&nbsp;That&nbsp;December&nbsp;he&nbsp;recruited&nbsp;Gosling&nbsp;and&nbsp;Mike&nbsp;Sheridan&nbsp;to&nbsp;help&nbsp;start&nbsp;the&nbsp;project.&nbsp;Joy&nbsp;<BR>
showed&nbsp;them&nbsp;his&nbsp;Further&nbsp;paper,&nbsp;and&nbsp;work&nbsp;began&nbsp;on&nbsp;graphics&nbsp;and&nbsp;user&nbsp;interface&nbsp;issues&nbsp;for&nbsp;several&nbsp;<BR>
months&nbsp;in&nbsp;C.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;April&nbsp;of&nbsp;1991&nbsp;the&nbsp;Green&nbsp;Project&nbsp;(Naughton,&nbsp;Gosling&nbsp;and&nbsp;Sheridan)&nbsp;settled&nbsp;on&nbsp;smart&nbsp;consumer&nbsp;<BR>
electronics&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;delivery&nbsp;platform,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Gosling&nbsp;started&nbsp;working&nbsp;in&nbsp;earnest&nbsp;on&nbsp;Oak.&nbsp;Gosling&nbsp;wrote&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;original&nbsp;compiler&nbsp;in&nbsp;C;&nbsp;and&nbsp;Naughton,&nbsp;Gosling&nbsp;and&nbsp;Sheridan&nbsp;wrote&nbsp;the&nbsp;runtime-interpreter,&nbsp;<BR>
also&nbsp;in&nbsp;C.&nbsp;(The&nbsp;Green&nbsp;project&nbsp;never&nbsp;wrote&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;line&nbsp;of&nbsp;C++.)&nbsp;Oak&nbsp;was&nbsp;running&nbsp;its&nbsp;first&nbsp;programs&nbsp;<BR>
in&nbsp;August&nbsp;of&nbsp;1991.&nbsp;Joy&nbsp;got&nbsp;his&nbsp;first&nbsp;demos&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;that&nbsp;winter,&nbsp;when&nbsp;Gosling&nbsp;and&nbsp;Naugton&nbsp;<BR>
went&nbsp;skiing&nbsp;at&nbsp;Joy's&nbsp;place&nbsp;in&nbsp;Aspen.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
By&nbsp;the&nbsp;fall&nbsp;of&nbsp;1992&nbsp;&quot;*7&quot;,&nbsp;a&nbsp;cross&nbsp;between&nbsp;a&nbsp;PDA&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;remote&nbsp;control,&nbsp;was&nbsp;ready&nbsp;This&nbsp;was&nbsp;demoed&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;Scott&nbsp;McNealy,&nbsp;Sun's&nbsp;president,&nbsp;in&nbsp;October.&nbsp;He&nbsp;was&nbsp;blown&nbsp;away.&nbsp;Following&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;Green&nbsp;<BR>
Project&nbsp;was&nbsp;set&nbsp;up&nbsp;as&nbsp;First&nbsp;Person&nbsp;Inc.,&nbsp;a&nbsp;wholly&nbsp;owned&nbsp;Sun&nbsp;subsidiary.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;early&nbsp;1993&nbsp;the&nbsp;Green&nbsp;team&nbsp;heard&nbsp;about&nbsp;a&nbsp;Time-Warner&nbsp;request&nbsp;for&nbsp;proposal&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;settop&nbsp;box&nbsp;<BR>
operating&nbsp;system.&nbsp;First&nbsp;Person&nbsp;quickly&nbsp;shifted&nbsp;focus&nbsp;from&nbsp;smart&nbsp;consumer&nbsp;electronics&nbsp;(which&nbsp;was&nbsp;<BR>
proving&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;more&nbsp;hype&nbsp;than&nbsp;reality)&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;set-top&nbsp;box&nbsp;OS&nbsp;market,&nbsp;and&nbsp;placed&nbsp;a&nbsp;bid&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>