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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Dinkum EC++ Library</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><H1><A NAME="Embedded C++ Library">Dinkum EC++ Library</A></H1><P><B>Use of this Dinkum EC++ LibraryReference is subject to limitations. See the<A HREF="crit_pjp.html">Copyright Notice</A>for detailed restrictions.</B></P><HR><P>A C++ program can call on a large number of functions from the <B>Dinkum EC++ Library</B>, a conforming implementation of the<B>Embedded C++ library</B>, as specified by theEmbedded C++ Technical Committee.The Embedded C++ library is, in turn, a conforming subset of the<B>Standard C++ library</B>.These functions perform essential services such as input and output. They also provide efficient implementations of frequently used operations. Numerous function and class definitions accompany these functions to help you to make better use of the library.Most of the information about the Embedded C++ library can befound in the descriptions of the<B><A HREF="lib_cpp.html#C++ library headers">C++ library headers</A></B>that declare or define library entities for the program.</P><H2><A NAME="Table of Contents">Table of Contents</A></H2><P><B><CODE><A HREF="complex.html"><complex></A>· <A HREF="exceptio.html"><exception></A>· <A HREF="fstream.html"><fstream></A>· <A HREF="iomanip.html"><iomanip></A>· <A HREF="ios.html"><ios></A>· <A HREF="iosfwd.html"><iosfwd></A>· <A HREF="iostream.html"><iostream></A>· <A HREF="istream.html"><istream></A>· <A HREF="new.html"><new></A>· <A HREF="ostream.html"><ostream></A>· <A HREF="sstream.html"><sstream></A>· <A HREF="stdexcep.html"><stdexcept></A>· <A HREF="streambu.html"><streambuf></A>· <A HREF="string2.html"><string></A>· <A HREF="strstrea.html"><strstream></A></CODE></B></P><P><B><CODE><A HREF="cassert.html"><cassert></A>· <A HREF="cctype.html"><cctype></A>· <A HREF="cerrno.html"><cerrno></A>· <A HREF="cfloat.html"><cfloat></A>· <A HREF="climits.html"><climits></A>· <A HREF="clocale.html"><clocale></A>· <A HREF="cmath.html"><cmath></A>· <A HREF="csetjmp.html"><csetjmp></A>· <A HREF="csignal.html"><csignal></A>· <A HREF="cstdarg.html"><cstdarg></A>· <A HREF="cstddef.html"><cstddef></A>· <A HREF="cstdio.html"><cstdio></A>· <A HREF="cstdlib.html"><cstdlib></A>· <A HREF="cstring.html"><cstring></A>· <A HREF="ctime.html"><ctime></A></CODE></B></P><P><B><CODE><A HREF="assert.html"><assert.h></A>· <A HREF="ctype.html"><ctype.h></A>· <A HREF="errno.html"><errno.h></A>· <A HREF="float.html"><float.h></A>· <A HREF="limits.html"><limits.h></A>· <A HREF="locale.html"><locale.h></A>· <A HREF="math.html"><math.h></A>· <A HREF="setjmp.html"><setjmp.h></A>· <A HREF="signal.html"><signal.h></A>· <A HREF="stdarg.html"><stdarg.h></A>· <A HREF="stddef.html"><stddef.h></A>· <A HREF="stdio.html"><stdio.h></A>· <A HREF="stdlib.html"><stdlib.h></A>· <A HREF="string.html"><string.h></A>· <A HREF="time.html"><time.h></A></CODE></B></P><P><B><CODE><A HREF="fstream2.html"><fstream.h></A>· <A HREF="iomanip2.html"><iomanip.h></A>· <A HREF="iostrea2.html"><iostream.h></A>· <A HREF="new2.html"><new.h></A></CODE></B></P><P><B><CODE><A HREF="lib_cpp.html">C++ Library Overview</A>· <A HREF="lib_over.html">C Library Overview</A>· <A HREF="charset.html">Characters</A>· <A HREF="lib_file.html">Files and Streams</A>· <A HREF="lib_prin.html">Formatted Output</A>· <A HREF="lib_scan.html">Formatted Input</A></CODE></B></P><HR><P>The Embedded C++ library headers are:</P><P><CODE><A HREF="complex.html"><complex></A></CODE>-- for defining a template class that supports complex arithmetic<BR><CODE><A HREF="exceptio.html"><exception></A></CODE>-- for defining several functions that control exception handling<BR><CODE><A HREF="fstream.html"><fstream></A></CODE>-- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulateexteral files<BR><CODE><A HREF="iomanip.html"><iomanip></A></CODE>-- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument<BR><CODE><A HREF="ios.html"><ios></A></CODE>-- for defining the template class that serves as the base formany iostreams classes<BR><CODE><A HREF="iosfwd.html"><iosfwd></A></CODE>-- for declaring several iostreams template classes before theyare necessarily defined<BR><CODE><A HREF="iostream.html"><iostream></A></CODE>-- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate thestandard streams<BR><CODE><A HREF="istream.html"><istream></A></CODE>-- for defining the template class that performs extractions<BR><CODE><A HREF="new.html"><new></A></CODE>-- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage<BR><CODE><A HREF="ostream.html"><ostream></A></CODE>-- for defining the template class that performs insertions<BR><CODE><A HREF="sstream.html"><sstream></A></CODE>-- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulatestring containers<BR><CODE><A HREF="stdexcep.html"><stdexcept></A></CODE>-- for defining several classes useful for reporting exceptions<BR><CODE><A HREF="streambu.html"><streambuf></A></CODE>-- for defining template classes that buffer iostreams operations<BR><CODE><A HREF="string2.html"><string></A></CODE>-- for defining a template class that implements a string container<BR><CODE><A HREF="strstrea.html"><strstream></A></CODE>-- for defining several iostreams classes that manipulate in-memorycharacter sequences</P><P>The Embedded C++ library works in conjunction with 15of the headers from the<B><A NAME="Standard C Library">Standard C library</A></B>,sometimes with small alterations.The headers come in two forms, new and traditional.The new-form headers are:</P><P><CODE><A HREF="cassert.html"><cassert></A></CODE>-- for enforcing assertions when functions execute<BR><CODE><A HREF="cctype.html"><cctype></A></CODE>-- for classifying characters<BR><CODE><A HREF="cerrno.html"><cerrno></A></CODE>-- for testing error codes reported by library functions<BR><CODE><A HREF="cfloat.html"><cfloat></A></CODE>-- for testing floating-point type properties<BR><CODE><A HREF="climits.html"><climits></A></CODE>-- for testing integer type properties<BR><CODE><A HREF="clocale.html"><clocale></A></CODE>-- for adapting to different cultural conventions<BR><CODE><A HREF="cmath.html"><cmath></A></CODE>-- for computing common mathematical functions<BR><CODE><A HREF="csetjmp.html"><csetjmp></A></CODE>-- for executing nonlocal <I>goto</I> statements<BR><CODE><A HREF="csignal.html"><csignal></A></CODE>-- for controlling various exceptional conditions<BR><CODE><A HREF="cstdarg.html"><cstdarg></A></CODE>-- for accessing a varying number of arguments<BR><CODE><A HREF="cstddef.html"><cstddef></A></CODE>-- for defining several useful types and macros<BR><CODE><A HREF="cstdio.html"><cstdio></A></CODE>-- for performing input and output<BR><CODE><A HREF="cstdlib.html"><cstdlib></A></CODE>-- for performing a variety of operations<BR><CODE><A HREF="cstring.html"><cstring></A></CODE>-- for manipulating several kinds of strings<BR><CODE><A HREF="ctime.html"><ctime></A></CODE>-- for converting between various time and date formats</P><P>The traditional Standard C library headers are:</P><P><CODE><A HREF="assert.html"><assert.h></A></CODE>-- for enforcing assertions when functions execute<BR><CODE><A HREF="ctype.html"><ctype.h></A></CODE>-- for classifying characters<BR><CODE><A HREF="errno.html"><errno.h></A></CODE>-- for testing error codes reported by library functions<BR><CODE><A HREF="float.html"><float.h></A></CODE>-- for testing floating-point type properties<BR><CODE><A HREF="limits.html"><limits.h></A></CODE>-- for testing integer type properties<BR><CODE><A HREF="locale.html"><locale.h></A></CODE>-- for adapting to different cultural conventions<BR><CODE><A HREF="math.html"><math.h></A></CODE>-- for computing common mathematical functions<BR><CODE><A HREF="setjmp.html"><setjmp.h></A></CODE>-- for executing nonlocal <I>goto</I> statements<BR><CODE><A HREF="signal.html"><signal.h></A></CODE>-- for controlling various exceptional conditions<BR><CODE><A HREF="stdarg.html"><stdarg.h></A></CODE>-- for accessing a varying number of arguments<BR><CODE><A HREF="stddef.html"><stddef.h></A></CODE>-- for defining several useful types and macros<BR><CODE><A HREF="stdio.html"><stdio.h></A></CODE>-- for performing input and output<BR><CODE><A HREF="stdlib.html"><stdlib.h></A></CODE>-- for performing a variety of operations<BR><CODE><A HREF="string.html"><string.h></A></CODE>-- for manipulating several kinds of strings<BR><CODE><A HREF="time.html"><time.h></A></CODE>-- for converting between various time and date formats</P><P>Finally, in this<A HREF="index.html#implementation">implementation</A>,the Embedded C++ library also includes several headersfor compatibility with traditional C++ libraries:</P><P><CODE><A HREF="fstream2.html"><fstream.h></A></CODE>-- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulateexteral files<BR><CODE><A HREF="iomanip2.html"><iomanip.h></A></CODE>-- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument<BR><CODE><A HREF="iostrea2.html"><iostream.h></A></CODE>-- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate thestandard streams<BR><CODE><A HREF="new2.html"><new.h></A></CODE>-- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage</P><P>Other information on the Embedded C++ library includes:</P><P><B><A HREF="lib_cpp.html">C++ Library Overview</A></B> --how to use the Embedded C++ library, including alternativemechanisms for <A HREF="lib_cpp.html#Exceptions">handling exceptions</A><BR><B><A HREF="lib_over.html">C Library Overview</A></B> --how to use the Standard C library, including what happens at<A HREF="lib_over.html#program startup">program startup</A> and at<A HREF="lib_over.html#program termination">program termination</A><BR><B><A HREF="charset.html">Characters</A></B> --how to write<A HREF="charset.html#character constant">character constants</A> and<A HREF="charset.html#string literal">string literals</A><BR><B><A HREF="lib_file.html">Files and Streams</A></B> -- how to read and write data between the program and<A HREF="lib_file.html#files">files</A><BR><B><A HREF="lib_prin.html">Formatted Output</A></B> -- how to generate text under control of a<A HREF="lib_prin.html#format string">format string</A><BR><B><A HREF="lib_scan.html">Formatted Input</A></B> -- how to scan and parse text under control of a<A HREF="lib_prin.html#format string">format string</A></P><P>A few special conventions are introduced into this documentspecifically for this particular<B><A NAME="implementation">implementation</A></B> of the EmbeddedC++ library. Because the<A HREF="crit_pjp.html#C++ Standard">C++ Standard</A>is still relatively new, not all implementations support all the featuresdescribed here. Hence, this implementation introduces macros,or alternative declarations, where necessary to provide reasonablesubstitutes for the capabilities required by the C++ Standard.</P><HR><P>See also the<B><A HREF="_index.html">Index</A></B>.</P><P><I><A HREF="crit_pjp.html">Copyright</A> © 1992-2002by P.J. Plauger. All rights reserved.</I></P><!--V4.01:1125--></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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