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<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">3.9. 快速参考</th></tr>
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<th width="60%" align="center">第 3 章 字符驱动</th>
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<a name="CharDriversQuickReference.sect"></a>3.9. 快速参考</h2></div></div></div>
<p>本章介绍了下面符号和头文件. struct file_operations 和 struct file 中的成员的列表这里不重复了.</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><span>#include <linux/types.h></span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>dev_t </span></span></dt>
<dd><p>dev_t 是用来在内核里代表设备号的类型.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>int MAJOR(dev_t dev);</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>int MINOR(dev_t dev);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>从设备编号中抽取主次编号的宏.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>dev_t MKDEV(unsigned int major, unsigned int minor);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>从主次编号来建立 dev_t 数据项的宏定义.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>#include <linux/fs.h></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>"文件系统"头文件是编写设备驱动需要的头文件. 许多重要的函数和数据结构在此定义.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>int register_chrdev_region(dev_t first, unsigned int count, char *name)</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned int firstminor, unsigned int count, char *name)</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t first, unsigned int count);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>允许驱动分配和释放设备编号的范围的函数. register_chrdev_region 应当用在事先知道需要的主编号时; 对于动态分配, 使用 alloc_chrdev_region 代替.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>int register_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name, struct file_operations *fops);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>老的( 2.6 之前) 字符设备注册函数. 它在 2.6 内核中被模拟, 但是不应当给新代码使用. 如果主编号不是 0, 可以不变地用它; 否则一个动态编号被分配给这个设备.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>int unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>恢复一个由 register_chrdev 所作的注册的函数. major 和 name 字符串必须包含之前用来注册设备时同样的值.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>struct file_operations;</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>struct file;</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>struct inode;</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>大部分设备驱动使用的 3 个重要数据结构. file_operations 结构持有一个字符驱动的方法; struct file 代表一个打开的文件, struct inode 代表磁盘上的一个文件.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>#include <linux/cdev.h></span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void);</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>void cdev_init(struct cdev *dev, struct file_operations *fops);</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>int cdev_add(struct cdev *dev, dev_t num, unsigned int count);</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>void cdev_del(struct cdev *dev);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>cdev 结构管理的函数, 它代表内核中的字符设备.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>#include <linux/kernel.h></span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>container_of(pointer, type, field);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>一个传统宏定义, 可用来获取一个结构指针, 从它里面包含的某个其他结构的指针.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>#include <asm/uaccess.h></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>这个包含文件声明内核代码使用的函数来移动数据到和从用户空间.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>unsigned long copy_from_user (void *to, const void *from, unsigned long count);</span></span></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span>unsigned long copy_to_user (void *to, const void *from, unsigned long count);</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>在用户空间和内核空间拷贝数据.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
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<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">3.8. 使用新设备 </td>
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<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 第 4 章 调试技术</td>
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