软件自动化测试工具.htm

对于测试方面要学习的人,可参考看看的学习类文章.

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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产生测试数据</SPAN> 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试管理工具</SPAN> 
      </P></TD>
    <TD 
    style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 213.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供某些测试管理功能，例如：测试过程的文档化和存储，以及测试过程的可追踪性</SPAN> 
      </P></TD></TR>
  <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 8">
    <TD 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">网络测试工具</SPAN> 
      </P></TD>
    <TD 
    style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 213.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">监视、测量、测试和诊断整个网络的性能</SPAN> 
      </P></TD></TR>
  <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 9">
    <TD 
    style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>GUI</SPAN> 
      <SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试工具（记录</SPAN> 
      <SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回放工具）</SPAN> 
      </P></TD>
    <TD 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通过记录用户与在线系统这间的交互，使</SPAN> 
      <SPAN lang=EN-US>GUI</SPAN> <SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试<A 
      href="http://cvacuum.gjjblog.com/">自动化</A>，这样它们可以被自动回放</SPAN> </P></TD></TR>
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    <TD 
    style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">负载、性能和强度测试工具</SPAN> 
      </P></TD>
    <TD 
    style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 213.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用于负载</SPAN> 
      <SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">性能</SPAN> 
      <SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">强度测试</SPAN> 
      </P></TD></TR>
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专用工具</SPAN> 
      </P></TD>
    <TD 
    style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 213.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" 
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      <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">针对特殊的构架或技术进行专门测试的测试工具，例如：嵌入式系统</SPAN> 
      </P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT 
size=5>测试工具的选择</FONT> </SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建议从以下几个方面来权衡和选择</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1.</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">除了测试工具所提供的基本功能外，还可参考其它的功能需求，如报表功能、测试工具的集成能力、操作系统和开发工具的兼容性。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">价格</SPAN> 
</P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT 
size=5>自主制作一个工具</FONT> </SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有些情况下，我们需要自己制作测试工具：</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN 
style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">???????? 
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">操作系统不兼容：市场上没有现成的工具与正在使用的各种操作系统兼容，所以需要考虑制作一个在专门的测试环境下运行的定制工具。例如：</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>Linux</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下的消耗</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的工具。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN 
style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">???????? 
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用程序不兼容：正在测试的应用程序包含一个特殊元素，如一个自定义的控件或第三方插件，它和市场上存在的任何记录</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回放工具都不兼容。例如：公司产品：录像播放器。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN 
style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">???????? 
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专项测试的需要：为了取得最佳的测试效果，以便对不能使用</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>GUI</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试工具的，复杂的和关键的组件进行自动测试。例如：</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>agent</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">报文捕获率的测试。</SPAN> 
</P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT 
size=5>自动测试：选择最好的实践</FONT> </SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不要过分依赖记录</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回放工具。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能性测试工具（也称为记录</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回放工具），只是无数可供利用的测试工具中的一种。记录</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回放机制能够增强测试工作的效果，但是我们不应该只使用这一种自动测试方法。即使使用最好的记录</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回放自动测试技术，它们还是有局限性。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）硬编码的数值。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）非模块化的、不易维护的脚本。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）缺乏可重用性的标准。</SPAN> 
</P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT 
size=5>尽量使回归测试自动化</FONT> </SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回归测试确定的是：在修改先前的错误或者向应用程序添加新功能时，是否引放了新的错误，这些错误影响以前运行正常的功能。回归测试应该发现这些新引入的缺陷。</SPAN> 
</P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT 
size=5>了解自动测试工具对测试工作的影响</FONT> </SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动测试工具只是解决方案的一部分，它们不能解决所有测试工作中的问题。自动测试工具决不能代替指导测试工作的分析技能，也不能替代手工测试。我们必须把自动测试看作是对手工测试过程的补充。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动化测试可以帮助测试人员做到：</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）提高测试执行的速度；</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）提高运行效率；</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）保证测试结果的准确性；</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）连续运行测试脚本；</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）模拟现实环境下受约束的情况。</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动化测试不能做到的是：</SPAN> 
</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN> 
<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN> <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）所有测试活动都可以自动完成；</SPAN>