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<hr><p align="left"><small>发信人: plato (纯真年代), 信区: Embedded <br>
标 题: linux for ppc chapter 5 <br>
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Wed May 30 23:11:38 2001) <br>
<br>
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5. Compiler Toolset <br>
You'll need the GNU toolchain to compile the kernel, particularly gcc and bi <br>
nutils As a general rule for working with GNU software, the latest official <br>
release is the best supported, has the most features and is usually the most <br>
stable. Also, you must use compatible versions, and there is generally no e <br>
asy way to know which binutils version matches which arbitrary gcc version a <br>
s their releases aren't synchronised. Hence, the best approach is generally <br>
to start by using the latest official release of any given package from your <br>
nearest GNU ftp site listed at http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html. <br>
Many people use a particular version simply because they already have the so <br>
urce for it lying around, and waste a lot of time tracking down problems whi <br>
ch were fixed by others months or even years ago. Grab the latest version at <br>
the outset, and you'll save an enormous amount of wasted effort. <br>
If you need newer features which aren't in an official release yet, you may <br>
need to move forward to the latest development snapshot from http://sources. <br>
redhat.com/. <br>
redhat.com/. <br>
5.1 Building the toolchain <br>
Instructions <br>
A set of complete instructions for building a Cross Development system for L <br>
inux/PPC is available at: http://members.home.net/mmporter/linux/cross/ <br>
Build Scripts <br>
For pre-packaged scripts to build a PPC Cross Development Kit for MPC8xx, se <br>
e: ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/LinuxPPC/usr/src/CD-README and ftp://ftp.denx.de/pu <br>
b/LinuxPPC/usr/src/CDK.tar.gz <br>
SPARC/Solaris Hosted <br>
For a guide to building the PowerPC/Linux cross compiler for a SPARC/Solaris <br>
host (if you can't use a Linux development host), see: http://www.borg.umn. <br>
edu/~grant/Linux/cross.html <br>
Getting Help <br>
If you want to build a more exotic or unusual cross development environment, <br>
or need more help building the cross development tools, check out the cross <br>
gcc FAQ and mailing list at: http://www.objsw.com/CrossGCC/ <br>
5.2 gcc <br>
Check that you have the latest gcc (2.95.2). Don't waste your time with any <br>
of the egcs releases as they've now been superceeded by gcc. <br>
If you're using gcc-2.95.2 with binutils-2.9.1.0.25, you'll need a minor cha <br>
nge to the gcc specs file regarding the linker emulation. You're better off <br>
just using binutils-2.10 though. <br>
5.3 binutils <br>
There are currently two branches of binutils development to choose from. Eac <br>
h have pro's and con's, and in many cases either one will work for you. They <br>
are typically referred to as the official "GNU binutils" and the "Linux bin <br>
utils", although both are GPL'd GNU software, and both versions configure, b <br>
uild and work fine on Linux. I suggest you use the official GNU version, unl <br>
ess you encounter a problem which requires the "Linux binutils" version. <br>
Official GNU binutils <br>
This tends to be the most stable version. The last release was 2.10, which i <br>
s your best bet. It works well with gcc-2.95.2, whereas the 2.9.1 needed a t <br>
weak. If you must use the bleeding edge, the development snapshots on source <br>
s.redhat.com are quite stable. <br>
The most recent snapshot is available at ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/binuti <br>
ls/snapshots/binutils.tar.bz2 <br>
H. J. Lu's "Linux binutils" <br>
At any given point in time, this version is based on recent official GNU dev <br>
elopment snapshot, but with more experimental features and hastily implement <br>
ed bugfixes. It is shipped with many Linux distributions. However, the chang <br>
es in this version aren't as thoroughly reviewed and tested as those in the <br>
official version, and the less well implemented features probably won't make <br>
it back into the official GNU version, so it's a good idea not to rely on t <br>
hem. <br>
hem. <br>
Version numbering is somewhat confusing. The Linux binutils 2.9.5.x versions <br>
are based on snapshots of the official development post 2.9.1. In particula <br>
r, any given version of Linux binutils numbered 2.9.5.x is not necessarily a <br>
later version than an official GNU development snapshot numbered 2.9.1.x. <br>
Beware that Linux binutils-2.9.5.0.27 thru 29 will give you multiple definit <br>
ions of _dl_start when building glibc-2.1.2. Try the official binutils-2.10 <br>
instead, or Linux binutils-2.9.5.0.22. <br>
5.4 Precompiled/Prepackaged Kits <br>
There are kits available which will save you the time of building your own t <br>
ools, to get bootstrapped faster. <br>
MontaVista Software Hard Hat Linux <br>
http://www.mvista.com/ <br>
http://www.hardhatlinux.com/ <br>
They have a complete 8xx cross-development kit described in ftp://ftp.mvista <br>
.com/pub/CDK/1.2/README available at: ftp://ftp.mvista.com/pub/CDK/1.2/. <br>
You can also purchase this kit as an integrated part of their Hard Hat Linux <br>
distribution, and buy support for it directly from MontaVista. <br>
It's also available as part of the Linux Planet kit from Embedded Planet. <br>
QuickStack Linux <br>
http://qslinux.com/ <br>
ftp://qslinux.com/pub/qslinux <br>
This version of Linux is based on the PPC 2.2.5 kernel. It has been heavily <br>
modified and targeted specifically to SNMC's MPC850-based product. It includ <br>
es: <br>
Subsystem for configuring and controlling I/O pins (qspin) <br>
Hardware Watchdog support <br>
Flash Filesystem (layered under Ext2FS) <br>
Compressed Ext2FS (e2compr) <br>
HDLC/PPP Driver <br>
ATM Utopia Network Driver (AAL5/IP) <br>
Multiple serial consoles <br>
Much, much more <br>
Denx Software Engineering <br>
http://www.denx.de/solutions-en.html <br>
ftp site <br>
ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/LinuxPPC/usr/src/ <br>
CD-ROMs <br>
Offer a CD-ROM with LinuxPPC for MPC8xx Systems, especially for TQM8xxL Modu <br>
les. It includes: <br>
Sources and tools for a Cross Development Kit (CDK) for MPC8xx Embedded Powe <br>
rPC Controllers on x86 Linux hosts <br>
Pre-built, ready-to-run binaries of the CDK <br>
Linux-2.2.13 kernel source tree for MPC8xx systems. There are also pre-built <br>
images for TQM8xxL modules. <br>
Pre-installed native LinuxPPC root filesystem with all standard Linux tools <br>
to be exported on a NFS server and used as root filesystem for Embedded PPC <br>
systems. <br>
Boards <br>
They also ship hardware with PPCboot, kernel and root filesystem pre-install <br>
ed. Just connect the power supply, and Linux is booting. <br>
The Embedded Debian Project <br>
http://www.emdebian.org/ <br>
Debian project philosophy applied to the embedded space. Especially good for <br>
developers already running Debian on the desktop. <br>
Bright Star Engineering <br>
http://www.brightstareng.com/ <br>
You may get a kickstart by purchasing Bright Star's SDK, particularly if you <br>
're using one of their boards. For comments, see: http://lists.linuxppc.org/ <br>
listarcs/linuxppc-embedded/199912/msg00075.html <br>
Lineo Embedix <br>
http://www.lineo.com/products/embedix_linux/ <br>
Lineo Embedix Linux is an embedded Linux-based software solution that adds t <br>
he power and connectivity of Linux to customized embedded devices. Embedix L <br>
inux is engineered specifically for the unique speed, memory and storage req <br>
uirements of embedded devices. Embedix Linux is based on a popular desktop L <br>
inux distribution and is available for PowerPC and x86 microprocessors. <br>
Red Hat Embedded DevKit <br>
http://www.redhat.com/products/edk/ <br>
Gets you started with embedded Linux development using Red Hat Linux. The bo <br>
x product includes a complete toolkit with IDE and ethernet-based debugging <br>
and supports development of PowerPC architecture systems, along with the x86 <br>
architecture. <br>
Oddly enough, the minimum target CPU required by the x86 binaries in the kit <br>
is a Pentium/586, whereas the minimum desktop CPU for Red Hat Linux is only <br>
a 386. Embedded systems most often have less powerful CPUs than desktop one <br>
s, not more powerful ones. This mistake doesn't affect PowerPC users at all, <br>
but you might want to consider whether this supplier is the best choice giv <br>
en such a fundamental error. <br>
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