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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html> <head> <title>Differences From Perl</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> </head> <body><div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="reference.pcre.pattern.syntax.html">Describes PCRE regex syntax</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="regexp.reference.html">Regular Expression Details</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="reference.pcre.pattern.syntax.html">Describes PCRE regex syntax</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div></div><hr /><div id="pcre.pattern.syntax.differences" class="section"> <h2 class="title">Differences From Perl</h2> <p class="para"> The differences described here are with respect to Perl 5.005. <ol class="orderedlist"> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> By default, a whitespace character is any character that the C library function isspace() recognizes, though it is possible to compile PCRE with alternative character type tables. Normally isspace() matches space, formfeed, newline, carriage return, horizontal tab, and vertical tab. Perl 5 no longer includes vertical tab in its set of whitespace characters. The \v escape that was in the Perl documentation for a long time was never in fact recognized. However, the character itself was treated as whitespace at least up to 5.002. In 5.004 and 5.005 it does not match \s. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> PCRE does not allow repeat quantifiers on lookahead assertions. Perl permits them, but they do not mean what you might think. For example, (?!a){3} does not assert that the next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the next character is not "a" three times. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative lookahead assertions are counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are never set. Perl sets its numerical variables from any such patterns that are matched before the assertion fails to match something (thereby succeeding), but only if the negative lookahead assertion contains just one branch. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> Though binary zero characters are supported in the subject string, they are not allowed in a pattern string because it is passed as a normal C string, terminated by zero. The escape sequence "\x00" can be used in the pattern to represent a binary zero. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \l, \u, \L, \U. In fact these are implemented by Perl's general string-handling and are not part of its pattern matching engine. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> The Perl \G assertion is not supported as it is not relevant to single pattern matches. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) construction. However, there is support for recursive patterns. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> There are at the time of writing some oddities in Perl 5.005_02 concerned with the settings of captured strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ sets $2 to the value "b", but matching "aabbaa" against /^(aa(bb)?)+$/ leaves $2 unset. However, if the pattern is changed to /^(aa(b(b))?)+$/ then $2 (and $3) get set. In Perl 5.004 $2 is set in both cases, and that is also <b><tt>TRUE</tt></b> of PCRE. If in the future Perl changes to a consistent state that is different, PCRE may change to follow. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> Another as yet unresolved discrepancy is that in Perl 5.005_02 the pattern /^(a)?(?(1)a|b)+$/ matches the string "a", whereas in PCRE it does not. However, in both Perl and PCRE /^(a)?a/ matched against "a" leaves $1 unset. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p class="para"> PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities: <ol class="orderedlist"> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> Although lookbehind assertions must match fixed length strings, each alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a different length of string. Perl 5.005 requires them all to have the same length. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> If <a href="reference.pcre.pattern.modifiers.html" class="link">PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY</a> is set and <a href="reference.pcre.pattern.modifiers.html" class="link">PCRE_MULTILINE</a> is not set, the $ meta-character matches only at the very end of the string. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> If <a href="reference.pcre.pattern.modifiers.html" class="link">PCRE_EXTRA</a> is set, a backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is faulted. </span> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="simpara"> If <a href="reference.pcre.pattern.modifiers.html" class="link">PCRE_UNGREEDY</a> is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a question mark they are. </span> </li> </ol> </p> </li> </ol> </p> </div><hr /><div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="reference.pcre.pattern.syntax.html">Describes PCRE regex syntax</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="regexp.reference.html">Regular Expression Details</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="reference.pcre.pattern.syntax.html">Describes PCRE regex syntax</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div></div></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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