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  <h1>References Explained</h1>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2><ul class="chunklist chunklist_chapter"><li><a href="language.references.whatdo.html">What References Do</a></li><li><a href="language.references.arent.html">What References Are Not</a></li><li><a href="language.references.pass.html">Passing by Reference</a></li><li><a href="language.references.return.html">Returning References</a></li><li><a href="language.references.unset.html">Unsetting References</a></li><li><a href="language.references.spot.html">Spotting References</a></li></ul>


  <div id="language.references.whatare" class="sect1">
   <h2 class="title">What References Are</h2>
   <p class="simpara">  
    References in PHP are a means to access the same variable content 
    by different names. They are not like C pointers; instead, they are
    symbol table aliases. Note that in PHP, variable name and variable
    content are different, so the same content can have different names.
    The most close analogy is with Unix filenames and files -
    variable names are directory entries, while variable contents is
    the file itself. References can be thought of as hardlinking in
    Unix filesystem.
   </p>
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