📄 +
字号:
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<p>按照通常做法,我们就可以直接调用这三个Command,但是使用Command模式,我们要将他们封装起来,扔到黑盒子List里去:<br>
</p>
<table width="80%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<p>public class producer{<br>
public static List produceRequests() {<br>
List queue = new ArrayList();<br>
queue.add( new DomesticEngineer() );<br>
queue.add( new Politician() );<br>
queue.add( new Programmer() );<br>
return queue; <br>
}</p>
<p>}</p>
<p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> 这三个命令进入List中后,已经失去了其外表特征,以后再取出,也可能无法分辨出谁是Engineer 谁是Programmer了,看下面客户端如何调用Command模式:<br>
</p>
<table width="80%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<p>public class TestCommand {<br>
public static void main(String[] args) {<br>
<br>
List queue = Producer.produceRequests();<br>
for (Iterator it = queue.iterator(); it.hasNext(); )<br>
<br>
//客户端直接调用execute方法,无需知道被调用者的其它更多类的方法名。<br>
((Command)it.next()).execute();<br>
</p>
<p> }<br>
} </p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> 由此可见,调用者基本只和接口打交道,不合具体实现交互,这也体现了一个原则,面向接口编程,这样,以后增加第四个具体命令时,就不必修改调用者TestCommand中的代码了.<br>
<br>
理解了上面的代码的核心原理,在使用中,就应该各人有自己方法了,特别是在如何分离调用者和具体命令上,有很多实现方法,上面的代码是使用"从List过一遍"的做法.这种做法只是为了演示.<br>
</p>
<p>使用Command模式的一个好理由还因为它能实现Undo功能.每个具体命令都可以记住它刚刚执行的动作,并且在需要时恢复.</p>
<p>Command模式在界面设计中应用广泛.Java的Swing中菜单命令都是使用Command模式,由于Java在界面设计的性能上还有欠缺,因此界面设计具体代码我们就不讨论,网络上有很多这样的示例.</p>
<p>参考:<br>
<a href="http://www.patterndepot.com/put/8/command.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.patterndepot.com/put/8/command.pdf
</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip68.html" target="_blank">http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip68.html</a></p>
<p>设计模式如何在具体项目中应用见<a href="../mybook/index.htm" target="_blank">《Java实用系统开发指南》</a></p>
<p> </p>
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