📄 libc.cp
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\entry {closing a file descriptor}{139}{closing a file descriptor}\entry {reading from a file descriptor}{141}{reading from a file descriptor}\entry {end-of-file, on a file descriptor}{141}{end-of-file, on a file descriptor}\entry {writing to a file descriptor}{142}{writing to a file descriptor}\entry {file positioning on a file descriptor}{144}{file positioning on a file descriptor}\entry {positioning a file descriptor}{144}{positioning a file descriptor}\entry {seeking on a file descriptor}{144}{seeking on a file descriptor}\entry {streams, and file descriptors}{146}{streams, and file descriptors}\entry {converting file descriptor to stream}{146}{converting file descriptor to stream}\entry {extracting file descriptor from stream}{146}{extracting file descriptor from stream}\entry {standard file descriptors}{146}{standard file descriptors}\entry {file descriptors, standard}{146}{file descriptors, standard}\entry {standard input file descriptor}{147}{standard input file descriptor}\entry {standard output file descriptor}{147}{standard output file descriptor}\entry {standard error file descriptor}{147}{standard error file descriptor}\entry {channels}{147}{channels}\entry {streams and descriptors}{147}{streams and descriptors}\entry {descriptors and streams}{147}{descriptors and streams}\entry {mixing descriptors and streams}{147}{mixing descriptors and streams}\entry {linked channels}{147}{linked channels}\entry {cleaning up a stream}{147}{cleaning up a stream}\entry {independent channels}{148}{independent channels}\entry {waiting for input or output}{149}{waiting for input or output}\entry {multiplexing input}{149}{multiplexing input}\entry {input from multiple files}{149}{input from multiple files}\entry {file descriptor sets, for select}{149}{file descriptor sets, for \code {select}}\entry {control operations on files}{152}{control operations on files}\entry {fcntl function}{152}{\code {fcntl} function}\entry {duplicating file descriptors}{153}{duplicating file descriptors}\entry {redirecting input and output}{153}{redirecting input and output}\entry {file descriptor flags}{155}{file descriptor flags}\entry {close-on-exec (file descriptor flag)}{156}{close-on-exec (file descriptor flag)}\entry {file status flags}{156}{file status flags}\entry {file name translation flags}{158}{file name translation flags}\entry {flags, file name translation}{158}{flags, file name translation}\entry {open-time action flags}{158}{open-time action flags}\entry {flags, open-time action}{158}{flags, open-time action}\entry {create on open (file status flag)}{158}{create on open (file status flag)}\entry {non-blocking open}{158}{non-blocking open}\entry {controlling terminal, setting}{159}{controlling terminal, setting}\entry {symbolic link, opening}{159}{symbolic link, opening}\entry {file locks}{162}{file locks}\entry {record locking}{162}{record locking}\entry {exclusive lock}{162}{exclusive lock}\entry {write lock}{162}{write lock}\entry {shared lock}{162}{shared lock}\entry {read lock}{162}{read lock}\entry {interrupt-driven input}{166}{interrupt-driven input}\entry {current working directory}{169}{current working directory}\entry {working directory}{169}{working directory}\entry {change working directory}{169}{change working directory}\entry {accessing directories}{171}{accessing directories}\entry {reading from a directory}{171}{reading from a directory}\entry {directories, accessing}{171}{directories, accessing}\entry {directory stream}{171}{directory stream}\entry {hard link}{175}{hard link}\entry {link, hard}{175}{link, hard}\entry {multiple names for one file}{175}{multiple names for one file}\entry {file names, multiple}{175}{file names, multiple}\entry {soft link}{176}{soft link}\entry {link, soft}{176}{link, soft}\entry {symbolic link}{176}{symbolic link}\entry {link, symbolic}{176}{link, symbolic}\entry {deleting a file}{178}{deleting a file}\entry {removing a file}{178}{removing a file}\entry {unlinking a file}{178}{unlinking a file}\entry {directories, deleting}{178}{directories, deleting}\entry {deleting a directory}{178}{deleting a directory}\entry {renaming a file}{179}{renaming a file}\entry {creating a directory}{180}{creating a directory}\entry {directories, creating}{180}{directories, creating}\entry {status of a file}{181}{status of a file}\entry {attributes of a file}{181}{attributes of a file}\entry {file attributes}{181}{file attributes}\entry {inode number}{184}{inode number}\entry {file owner}{186}{file owner}\entry {owner of a file}{186}{owner of a file}\entry {group owner of a file}{186}{group owner of a file}\entry {file permission bits}{188}{file permission bits}\entry {sticky bit}{189}{sticky bit}\entry {permission to access a file}{190}{permission to access a file}\entry {access permission for a file}{190}{access permission for a file}\entry {file access permission}{190}{file access permission}\entry {file creation mask}{190}{file creation mask}\entry {umask}{190}{umask}\entry {testing access permission}{192}{testing access permission}\entry {access, testing for}{192}{access, testing for}\entry {setuid programs and file access}{192}{setuid programs and file access}\entry {file access time}{194}{file access time}\entry {file modification time}{194}{file modification time}\entry {file attribute modification time}{194}{file attribute modification time}\entry {creating special files}{196}{creating special files}\entry {special files}{196}{special files}\entry {TMPDIR environment variable}{198}{TMPDIR environment variable}\entry {pipe}{201}{pipe}\entry {FIFO special file}{201}{FIFO special file}\entry {creating a pipe}{201}{creating a pipe}\entry {opening a pipe}{201}{opening a pipe}\entry {interprocess communication, with pipes}{201}{interprocess communication, with pipes}\entry {creating a pipe to a subprocess}{203}{creating a pipe to a subprocess}\entry {pipe to a subprocess}{203}{pipe to a subprocess}\entry {filtering i/o through subprocess}{203}{filtering i/o through subprocess}\entry {creating a FIFO special file}{204}{creating a FIFO special file}\entry {interprocess communication, with FIFO}{204}{interprocess communication, with FIFO}\entry {socket}{207}{socket}\entry {interprocess communication, with sockets}{207}{interprocess communication, with sockets}\entry {communication style (of a socket)}{207}{communication style (of a socket)}\entry {style of communication (of a socket)}{207}{style of communication (of a socket)}\entry {packet}{207}{packet}\entry {byte stream}{207}{byte stream}\entry {stream (sockets)}{207}{stream (sockets)}\entry {loss of data on sockets}{207}{loss of data on sockets}\entry {data loss on sockets}{207}{data loss on sockets}\entry {namespace (of socket)}{207}{namespace (of socket)}\entry {domain (of socket)}{207}{domain (of socket)}\entry {socket namespace}{207}{socket namespace}\entry {socket domain}{207}{socket domain}\entry {network protocol}{208}{network protocol}\entry {protocol (of socket)}{208}{protocol (of socket)}\entry {socket protocol}{208}{socket protocol}\entry {protocol family}{208}{protocol family}\entry {address of socket}{209}{address of socket}\entry {name of socket}{209}{name of socket}\entry {binding a socket address}{209}{binding a socket address}\entry {socket address (name) binding}{209}{socket address (name) binding}\entry {file namespace, for sockets}{212}{file namespace, for sockets}\entry {Internet namespace, for sockets}{215}{Internet namespace, for sockets}\entry {host address, Internet}{216}{host address, Internet}\entry {Internet host address}{216}{Internet host address}\entry {network number}{216}{network number}\entry {local network address number}{216}{local network address number}\entry {standard dot notation, for Internet addresses}{217}{standard dot notation, for Internet addresses}\entry {dot notation, for Internet addresses}{217}{dot notation, for Internet addresses}\entry {hosts database}{219}{hosts database}\entry {converting host name to address}{219}{converting host name to address}\entry {converting host address to name}{219}{converting host address to name}\entry {port number}{221}{port number}\entry {services database}{222}{services database}\entry {converting service name to port number}{222}{converting service name to port number}\entry {converting port number to service name}{222}{converting port number to service name}\entry {byte order conversion, for socket}{224}{byte order conversion, for socket}\entry {converting byte order}{224}{converting byte order}\entry {big-endian}{224}{big-endian}\entry {little-endian}{224}{little-endian}\entry {network byte order}{224}{network byte order}\entry {protocols database}{225}{protocols database}\entry {TCP (Internet protocol)}{225}{TCP (Internet protocol)}\entry {creating a socket}{228}{creating a socket}\entry {socket, creating}{228}{socket, creating}\entry {opening a socket}{228}{opening a socket}\entry {socket, closing}{229}{socket, closing}\entry {closing a socket}{229}{closing a socket}\entry {shutting down a socket}{229}{shutting down a socket}\entry {socket shutdown}{229}{socket shutdown}\entry {creating a socket pair}{229}{creating a socket pair}\entry {socket pair}{229}{socket pair}\entry {opening a socket pair}{229}{opening a socket pair}\entry {connection}{230}{connection}\entry {client}{230}{client}\entry {server}{230}{server}\entry {connecting a socket}{231}{connecting a socket}\entry {socket, connecting}{231}{socket, connecting}\entry {socket, initiating a connection}{231}{socket, initiating a connection}\entry {socket, client actions}{231}{socket, client actions}\entry {listening (sockets)}{232}{listening (sockets)}\entry {sockets, server actions}{232}{sockets, server actions}\entry {sockets, listening}{232}{sockets, listening}\entry {sockets, accepting connections}{233}{sockets, accepting connections}\entry {accepting connections}{233}{accepting connections}\entry {reading from a socket}{234}{reading from a socket}\entry {writing to a socket}{234}{writing to a socket}\entry {out-of-band data}{240}{out-of-band data}\entry {high-priority data}{240}{high-priority data}\entry {urgent socket condition}{240}{urgent socket condition}\entry {datagram socket}{243}{datagram socket}\entry {sending a datagram}{243}{sending a datagram}\entry {transmitting datagrams}{243}{transmitting datagrams}\entry {datagrams, transmitting}{243}{datagrams, transmitting}\entry {receiving datagrams}{244}{receiving datagrams}\entry {socket options}{249}{socket options}\entry {level, for socket options}{249}{level, for socket options}\entry {socket option level}{249}{socket option level}\entry {networks database}{252}{networks database}\entry {converting network number to network name}{252}{converting network number to network name}\entry {converting network name to network number}{252}{converting network name to network number}\entry {terminal identification}{255}{terminal identification}\entry {identifying terminals}{255}{identifying terminals}\entry {terminal input queue}{255}{terminal input queue}\entry {typeahead buffer}{255}{typeahead buffer}\entry {terminal output queue}{256}{terminal output queue}\entry {canonical input processing}{256}{canonical input processing}\entry {noncanonical input processing}{256}{noncanonical input processing}\entry {terminal mode data types}{257}{terminal mode data types}\entry {terminal mode functions}{258}{terminal mode functions}\entry {parity checking}{261}{parity checking}\entry {break condition, detecting}{262}{break condition, detecting}\entry {modem status lines}{264}{modem status lines}\entry {carrier detect}{264}{carrier detect}\entry {modem disconnect}{264}{modem disconnect}\entry {echo of terminal input}{266}{echo of terminal input}\entry {interactive signals, from terminal}{267}{interactive signals, from terminal}
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