libc.texinfo

一个C源代码分析器

* Termination Signals::         Used to interrupt and/or terminate the program.
* Alarm Signals::               Used to indicate expiration of timers.
* Asynchronous I/O Signals::    Used to indicate input is available.
* Job Control Signals::         Signals used to support job control.
* Operation Error Signals::     Used to report operational system errors.
* Miscellaneous Signals::       Miscellaneous Signals.
* Signal Messages::             Printing a message describing a signal.

Specifying Signal Actions

* Basic Signal Handling::       The simple @code{signal} function.
* Advanced Signal Handling::    The more powerful @code{sigaction} function.
* Signal and Sigaction::        How those two functions interact.
* Sigaction Function Example::  An example of using the sigaction function.
* Flags for Sigaction::         Specifying options for signal handling.
* Initial Signal Actions::      How programs inherit signal actions.

Defining Signal Handlers

* Handler Returns::             
* Termination in Handler::      
* Longjmp in Handler::          
* Signals in Handler::       
* Nonreentrancy::               
* Atomic Data Access::          

Generating Signals

* Signaling Yourself::          Signaling Yourself
* Signaling Another Process::   Send a signal to another process.
* Permission for kill::         Permission for using @code{kill}
* Kill Example::                Using @code{kill} for Communication

Blocking Signals

* Why Block::                   The purpose of blocking signals.
* Signal Sets::                 How to specify which signals to block.
* Process Signal Mask::         Blocking delivery of signals to your
                                 process during normal execution.
* Testing for Delivery::        Blocking to Test for Delivery of a Signal
* Blocking for Handler::        Blocking additional signals while a
                                 handler is being run.
* Checking for Pending Signals::Checking for Pending Signals
* Remembering a Signal::        How you can get almost the same effect
                                 as blocking a signal, by handling it
                                 and setting a flag to be tested later.

Waiting for a Signal

* Using Pause::                 The simple way, using @code{pause}.
* Pause Problems::              Why the simple way is often not very good.
* Sigsuspend::                  Reliably waiting for a specific signal.

BSD Signal Handling

* BSD Handler::                 BSD Function to Establish a Handler.
* Blocking in BSD::             BSD Functions for Blocking Signals 

Process Startup and Termination

* Program Arguments::           Parsing your program's command-line arguments.
* Environment Variables::       How to access parameters inherited from
                                 a parent process.
* Program Termination::         How to cause a process to terminate and
                                 return status information to its parent.

Program Arguments

* Argument Syntax::             By convention, options start with a hyphen.
* Parsing Options::             The @code{getopt} function.
* Example of Getopt::           An example of parsing options with @code{getopt}.
* Long Options::                GNU utilities should accept long-named options.
                                 Here is how to do that.
* Long Option Example::         An example of using @code{getopt_long}.

Environment Variables

* Environment Access::          How to get and set the values of
                                 environment variables.
* Standard Environment::        These environment variables have
                                 standard interpretations.

Program Termination

* Normal Termination::          If a program calls @code{exit}, a
                                 process terminates normally.
* Exit Status::                 The @code{exit status} provides information 
                                 about why the process terminated. 
* Cleanups on Exit::            A process can run its own cleanup
                                 functions upon normal termination. 
* Aborting a Program::          The @code{abort} function causes
                                 abnormal program termination. 
* Termination Internals::       What happens when a process terminates.


Child Processes

* Running a Command::           The easy way to run another program.
* Process Creation Concepts::   An overview of the hard way to do it.
* Process Identification::      How to get the process ID of a process.
* Creating a Process::          How to fork a child process.
* Executing a File::            How to make a child execute another program.
* Process Completion::          How to tell when a child process has completed.
* Process Completion Status::   How to interpret the status value 
                                 returned from a child process.
* BSD Wait Functions::          More functions, for backward compatibility.
* Process Creation Example::    A complete example program.

Job Control

* Concepts of Job Control ::    Concepts of Job Control
* Job Control is Optional::     Not all POSIX systems support job control.
* Controlling Terminal::        How a process gets its controlling terminal.
* Access to the Terminal::      How processes share the controlling terminal.
* Orphaned Process Groups::     Jobs left after the user logs out.
* Implementing a Shell::        What a shell must do to implement job control.
* Functions for Job Control::   Functions to control process groups.

Implementing a Job Control Shell

* Data Structures::             Introduction to the sample shell.
* Initializing the Shell::      What the shell must do to take
                                 responsibility for job control.
* Launching Jobs::              Creating jobs to execute commands.
* Foreground and Background::   Putting a job in foreground of background.
* Stopped and Terminated Jobs:: Reporting job status.
* Continuing Stopped Jobs::     How to continue a stopped job in
                                 the foreground or background.
* Missing Pieces::              Other parts of the shell.

Functions for Job Control

* Identifying the Terminal::    Determining the controlling terminal's name.
* Process Group Functions::     Functions for manipulating process groups.
* Terminal Access Functions::   Functions for controlling terminal access.

Users and Groups

* User and Group IDs::          Each user and group has a unique numeric ID.
* Process Persona::             The user IDs and group IDs of a process.
* Why Change Persona::          Why a program might need to change
                                 its user and/or group IDs.
* How Change Persona::          Restrictions on changing user and group IDs.
* Reading Persona::             Examining the process's user and group IDs.
* Setting User ID::             
* Setting Groups::              
* Enable/Disable Setuid::       
* Setuid Program Example::      Setuid Program Example
* Tips for Setuid::             
* Who Logged In::               Getting the name of the user who logged in,
                                 or of the real user ID of the current process.

* User Database::               Functions and data structures for
                                 accessing the user database.
* Group Database::              Functions and data structures for
                                 accessing the group database.
* Database Example::            Example program showing use of database
                                 inquiry functions.

User Database

* User Data Structure::         
* Lookup User::                 
* Scanning All Users::          Scanning the List of All Users
* Writing a User Entry::        

Group Database

* Group Data Structure::        
* Lookup Group::                
* Scanning All Groups::         Scanning the List of All Groups

System Information

* Host Identification::         Determining the name of the machine.
* Hardware/Software Type ID::   Determining the hardware type and
                                 operating system type.

System Configuration Limits

* General Limits::		Constants and functions that describe
				 various process-related limits that have
				 one uniform value for any given machine.
* System Options::		Optional POSIX features.
* Version Supported::		Version numbers of POSIX.1 and POSIX.2.
* Sysconf::			Getting specific configuration values
				 of general limits and system options.
* Minimums::			Minimum values for general limits.
   
* Limits for Files::		Size limitations on individual files.
				 These can vary between file systems
				  or even from file to file.
* Options for Files::		Optional features that some files may support.
* File Minimums::		Minimum values for file limits.
* Pathconf::			Getting the limit values for a particular file.
   
* Utility Limits::		Capacity limits of POSIX.2 utility programs.
* Utility Minimums::		Minimum allowable values of those limits.
   
* String Parameters::		Getting the default search path.

Library Facilities that are Part of the C Language

* Consistency Checking::        Using @code{assert} to abort
				 if something ``impossible'' happens.
* Variadic Functions::          Defining functions with varying
                                 numbers of arguments.
* Null Pointer Constant::       The macro @code{NULL}.
* Important Data Types::        Data types for object sizes.
* Data Type Measurements::      Parameters of data type representations.

Variadic Functions

* Why Variadic::                Reasons for making functions take
                                 variable arguments.
* How Variadic::                How to define and call variadic functions.
* Argument Macros::             Detailed specification of the macros
				 for accessing variable arguments.
* Variadic Example::            A complete example.

How Variadic Functions are Defined and Used

* Variadic Prototypes::         How to make a prototype for a function
				 with variable arguments.
* Receiving Arguments::		Steps you must follow to access the
				 optional argument values.
* How Many Arguments::          How to decide whether there are more arguments.
* Calling Variadics::		Things you need to know about calling
				 variable arguments functions.

Data Type Measurements

* Width of Type::		How many bits does an integer type hold?
* Range of Type::		What are the largest and smallest values
				 that an integer type can hold?
* Floating Type Macros::        Parameters that measure floating-point types.
* Structure Measurement::       Getting measurements on structure types.

Floating Type Macros

* Floating Point Concepts::     Definitions of terminology.
* Floating Point Parameters::   Dimensions, limits of floating point types.
* IEEE Floating Point::         How one common representation is described.

Library Maintenance

* Installation::                How to configure, compile and install
                                 the GNU C library.
* Reporting Bugs::              How to report bugs (if you want to
                                 get them fixed) and other troubles
                                 you may have with the GNU C library.
* Porting::                     How to port the GNU C library to
                                 a new machine or operating system.
@c * Traditional C Compatibility::  Using the GNU C library with non-ANSI
@c                                          C compilers.
* Contributors::		Who wrote what parts of the GNU C Library.

Porting the GNU C Library

* Hierarchy Conventions::       How the @file{sysdeps} hierarchy is
                                 layed out.
* Porting to Unix::             Porting the library to an average
                                 Unix-like system.
@end menu


@comment Includes of all the individual chapters.
@include intro.texi
@include errno.texi
@include memory.texi
@include ctype.texi
@include string.texi
@include io.texi
@include stdio.texi
@include llio.texi
@include filesys.texi
@include pipe.texi
@include socket.texi
@include terminal.texi
@include math.texi
@include arith.texi
@include search.texi
@include pattern.texi
@include time.texi
@include mbyte.texi
@include locale.texi
@include setjmp.texi
@include signal.texi
@include startup.texi
@include process.texi
@include job.texi
@include users.texi
@include sysinfo.texi
@include conf.texi

@comment Includes of the appendices.
@include lang.texi
@include header.texi
@include maint.texi


@set lgpl-appendix
@node Copying, Concept Index, Maintenance, Top
@include lgpl.texinfo


@node Concept Index, Type Index, Copying, Top
@unnumbered Concept Index

@printindex cp

@node Type Index, Function Index, Concept Index, Top
@unnumbered Type Index

@printindex tp

@node Function Index, Variable Index, Type Index, Top
@unnumbered Function and Macro Index

@printindex fn

@node Variable Index, File Index, Function Index, Top
@unnumbered Variable and Constant Macro Index

@printindex vr

@node File Index, , Variable Index, Top
@unnumbered Program and File Index

@printindex pg


@shortcontents
@contents
@bye