africa

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# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
# Time magazine reported that it was in honor of their leader's birthday.
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, and Whitman reports -0:44:30;
# go with Whitman.
#
# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman:
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
			-0:44:30 -	LST	1972 May # Liberia Standard Time
			 0:00	-	WAT

###############################################################################

# Libya

# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
# LIBYAN ARAB         1 H  AHEAD OF UTC  JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
# LIBYAN ARAB         2 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA

# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Libya	1920	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
# Here's a guess for years starting with 1991.
Rule	Libya	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Libya	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
			1:00	Libya	MET%s	1959
			2:00	-	EET	1982
			1:00	Libya	MET%s

# Madagascar
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
			3:00	-	EAT

# Malawi
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Mali
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
			 0:00	-	WAT
# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
Zone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Mauritania
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Mauritius
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
			4:00	-	SMT
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius

# Mayotte
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:01:08 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Dzaoudzi
			3:00	-	EAT

# Morocco
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Morocco	1913	only	-	Oct	26	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
			 0:00	Morocco	WET%s	1984 Mar 16
			 1:00	-	MET	1986
			 0:00	-	WET
# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid:
# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Mellila.

# Mozambique
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Namibia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
			2:00	-	SAT	1942 Sep 20 2:00
			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
			2:00	-	SAT

# Niger
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Niamey	0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT	1934 Feb 26
			0:00	-	WAT	1960
			1:00	-	CAT

# Nigeria
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
			1:00	-	CAT

# Reunion
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# St Denis
			4:00	-	SMT

# Rwanda
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
			2:00	-	SAT

# St Helena
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
			-0:06	-	?MT	1951	# a typo in Shanks?
			 0:00	-	GMT
# Whitman says Tristan da Cunha is on GMT, like Atlantic/St_Helena.
#
# Ascension, Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale
# no information; probably like Atlantic/St_Helena

# Sao Tome and Principe
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
			-0:37	-	?MT	1912	# a typo in Shanks?
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Senegal
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
			-1:00	-	AAT	1941 Jun
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Seychelles
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
			4:00	-	SMT

# Sierra Leone
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	SL	1913	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
			-0:53	-	FMT	1913 Jun
			-1:00	SL	AA%sT	1957
			 0:00	SL	WA%sT

# Somalia
# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
			3:00	-	EAT	1931
			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1957	# not in Shanks
			3:00	-	EAT

# South Africa
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	SA	1892	only	-	Feb	8	0:00	0	-
Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
			1:30	-	SAT	1903 Mar
			2:00	SA	SA%sT
# Prince Edward Is
# no information

# Sudan
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Sudan	1931	only	-	Feb	 8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Sudan	1970	max	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Sudan	1972	max	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	" DST"
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
			2:00	Sudan	EET%s

# Swaziland
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Tanzania
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
			3:00	-	EAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1961
			3:00	-	EAT

# Togo
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
			0:00	-	WAT

# Tunisia
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Tunisia	1911	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1988	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Tunisia	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
			0:09:05	-	PMT	1911 Mar  9    # Paris Mean Time
			1:00	Tunisia	MET%s

# Uganda
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT	1930
			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1957
			3:00	-	EAT

# Zaire
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
			1:00	-	CAT
Zone Africa/Lumumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
			2:00	-	SAT

# Zambia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Zimbabwe
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT