africa

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# @(#)africa	7.5

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# [e-mail] for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy.
# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where
# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and
# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region.
# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'.
#
# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names,
# in decreasing order of importance:
#
#	Use only valid Posix file names.  Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
#		`-' and `_'.  Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
#		E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
#	Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
#		One such location is enough.
#	If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
#		e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
#		prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
#	Keep locations compact.  Use cities or small islands, not countries
#		or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
#		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer `Paris'
#		to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
#	Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
#		prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
#		The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
#	Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
#		e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'.  Among locations with
#		similar populations, pick the best-known location,
#		e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
#	Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
#	Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
#		would lead to ambiguity.  E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
#		`Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
#		but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
#		of Mexico has several time zones.
#	Use `_' to represent a space.
#	Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
#		to `St._Helena'.
#
# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
#		LMT	Local Mean Time
#	-2:00	CVT	Cape Verde Time (no longer used)
#	-1:00	AAT	Atlantic Africa Time
#	 0:00	WAT	West Africa Time
#	 1:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
#	 2:00	SAT	South Africa Time
#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
#	 4:00	SMT	Seychelles and Mascarene Time
# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.


# Algeria
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Algeria	1911	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
			0:09:05	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1946 Oct  7
			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
			1:00	-	MET	1963 Apr 14
			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1977 Oct 21
			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1979 Oct 26
			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1981 May
			1:00	-	MET

# Angola
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
			0:52	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time
			1:00	-	CAT

# Benin
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
			0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			1:00	-	CAT

# Botswana
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
			2:00	-	SAT

# Burkina Faso
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Burundi
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
			2:00	-	SAT

# Cameroon
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Cape Verde
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
			-1:00	-	AAT

# Central African Republic
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Chad
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT	1979 Oct 14
			1:00	1:00	CAST	1980 Mar  8
			1:00	-	CAT

# Comoros
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
			3:00	-	EAT

# Congo
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Cote D'Ivoire
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Djibouti
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT

###############################################################################

# Egypt

# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
# EGYPT               2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
# EGYPT               3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
# EGYPT                                  RAMADAN)

# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Egypt	1900	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1966	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Egypt	1990	max	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
			2:00	Egypt	EET%s

# Equatorial Guinea
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
			0:00	-	WAT	1963 Dec 15
			1:00	-	CAT

# Eritrea
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
			2:36	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
			3:00	-	EAT

# Ethiopia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
			3:00	-	EAT

# Gabon
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Gambia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
			-1:07	-	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
			-1:00	-	AAT	1964
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Ghana
# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Ghana	1918	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	WAT
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	WATDT
Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	WAT
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
			 0:00	Ghana	%s

# Guinea
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			 1:00	-	CAT	1960
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Guinea-Bissau
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
			 1:00	-	CAT	1975
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Kenya
# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT	1930
			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1960
			3:00	-	EAT

# Lesotho
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
			2:00	-	SAT

# Liberia
# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch