europe

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# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Iceland	1908	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	S
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	S
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	D
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
			-1:28	-	RMT	1908	   # Reykjavik Mean Time
			-1:00	Iceland	I%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
			 0:00	-	GMT

# Italy
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Italy	1893	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00s	0	S
# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman.
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	20	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman.
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
			0:50	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
# Vatican is identical to Europe/Rome; San Marino is like Europe/Rome.

# Latvia
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
			1:36	-	LST	1918 Apr 15 2:00
			1:36	M-Eur	LST%s	1919 Apr  1 2:00
			1:36	1:00  "LST DST"	1919 May 22 3:00
			1:36	-	LST	1926 May 11
			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug  8
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s

# Liechtenstein
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
			1:00	-	MET	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Lithuania
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
			1:24	-	LST	1917		# Kaunas
			1:36	-	LST	1919 Oct 10
			1:00	-	MET	1920 Jul 12
			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
			1:00	-	MET	1940 Aug  3
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s

# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Lux	1904	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	" DST"
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
			1:00	Lux	MET%s	1918 Nov 25
			0:00	Lux	WET%s	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
			0:00	Belgium	WET%s	1940 May 14 3:00
			1:00	M-Eur	WET%s	1944 Sep 18 3:00
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1979 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Macedonia
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Skopje	1:25:44	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983 Mar 27  2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Malta
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	" DST"
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2	# Valletta
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1973 Mar 31
			1:00	Malta	MET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Moldova
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s

# Monaco
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
			0:09:05	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
			0:00	France	WET%s	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Netherlands
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Neth	1892	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	AMT
# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	Mon>=24	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	NST
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule	Neth	1922	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	NST
# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	 5	2:00s	1:00	NST
# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	-
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	" DST"
# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:28 -	LMT	1892 May
			0:19:28	Neth	%s	1937 Jul
			0:20	Neth	%s	1940 May 16 0:40
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Neth	MET%s	1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Norway
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Norway	1892	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895
			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1940 Aug 10 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1980 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
#
# From Whitman:
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT

# Poland
# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
# on 1582 Oct 15.  Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1947	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
			1:24	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918 Sep 16 3:00
			2:00	Poland	EET%s	1922 Jun
			1:00	Poland	MET%s	1940 Jun 23 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Oct
			1:00	Poland	MET%s	1977 Apr  3 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	MET%s

# Portugal
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Port	1911	only	-	May	24	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct