europe

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# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
#
# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
#     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
#	to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
#	conform with Great Britain.
#
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	GB-Eire 1847	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	GMT
# 1916 to 1925--irregular
Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	13	2:00s	1:00	BST
# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	13	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	19	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	25	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	DST
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	DST
Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	1:00s	2:00	DST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	15	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	DST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
# So much for double saving time.  1948 and 1949, irregular.
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	1949	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT
# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1967	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1971	only	-	Oct	31	3:00	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Current rules
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following three:
#Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
#Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00s	0	GMT
#Rule	GB-Eire 1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	GMT

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Sep 22
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s
Zone	Europe/Belfast	-0:23:40 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00    # Dublin MT
			-0:25:21 1:00	DST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s
Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:21 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00    # Dublin MT
			-0:25:21 1:00	DST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	BST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	BST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18 2:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s

###############################################################################

# Continental Europe

Rule	W-Eur	1800	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"

Rule	M-Eur	1800	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman.
Rule	M-Eur	1940	only	-	Dec	31	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1941	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1941	only	-	Oct	 5	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
Rule	M-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following two:
#Rule	M-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
#Rule	M-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"

Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 3:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00s	0	-

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1880	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	D
# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
# From Andrew A. Chernov <[e-mail]> (November 12, 1993):
# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DD
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	K
Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	D

# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	WET		0:00	W-Eur	WET%s
Zone	MET		1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
Zone	EET		2:00	E-Eur	EET%s
Zone	W-SU		3:00	M-Eur	????

# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time

Link	MET	CET

# Albania
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
			1:00	-	MET	1940 Jun 16
			1:00	Albania	MET%s	1985 Mar 31 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	MET%s

# Andorra
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
			1:00	-	MET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Austria
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Austria	1918	only	-	Jun	16	3:00	0	-
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918 Jun 16 3:00
			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1940 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Belarus
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
			2:31	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (May 28, 1994): A guess at recent dates:
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			3:00	Russia	MS%s

# Belgium
# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# From Whitman:
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
Rule	Belgium	1920	1921	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule	Belgium	1922	1928	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1929	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:20 -	LMT	1880
			0:17	-	BST	1892 May  1 12:00
			0:00	-	WET	1914 Aug  4
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1919 Mar  1 23:00
			0:00	Belgium	WET%s	1940 Feb 24 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977 Apr  3  2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s

# Bosnia and Herzegovina
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.