asia

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# @(#)asia	7.11

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# [e-mail] for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (August 18, 1994):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
# Oxford University Press (1980).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
#		std dst
#		LMT	Local Mean Time
#		LST	Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
#	2:00	EET  EET DST	Eastern European Time
#	2:00	IST IDT	Israel
#	3:00	AST ADT	Arabia*
#	3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
#	3:30	IST IDT	Iran
#	4:00	BSK BSD	Baku*
#	4:00	GST GDT	Gulf*
#	4:30	AFT	Afghanistan*
#	5:00	ASK ASD	Ashkhabad*
#	5:00	PKT	Pakistan*
#	5:30	IST IST	India
#	5:45	NPT	Nepal*
#	6:00	BGT	Bengal, Bangladesh*
#	6:00	TSK TSD	Tashkent*
#	6:30	BMT	Burma*
#	7:00	ICT	Indochina*
#	7:00	JVT	Java*
#	8:00	BNT	Borneo, Brunei*
#	8:00	CST CDT	China
#	8:00	HKT HKST Hong Kong
#	8:00	PST PDT	Philippines*
#	8:00	SGT	Singapore
#	8:00	UST UDT	Ulan Bator*
#	9:00	JST	Japan
#	9:00	KST KDT	Korea
#	9:00	MLT	Moluccas*
#	9:30	CST	Australian Central Standard Time
#
# See the `europe' file for Russia in Asia.
#
# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.

# From Guy Harris:
# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
# Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.

###############################################################################

# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (May 28, 1994):
# We don't know what happened to the clocks in the Caucausus and the ex-Soviet
# Central Asia after 1990.  Until we get more info, stick with the pre-1991 rules.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Afghanistan
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
			4:00	-	GST	1945
			4:30	-	AFT

# Armenia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			3:00	-	MSK	1957 Mar
			4:00	Russia	BS%s

# Azerbaijan
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			3:00	-	MSK	1957 Mar
			4:00	Russia	BS%s

# Bahrain
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al-Manamah
			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
			3:00	-	AST

# Bangladesh
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Dacca	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
			5:53	-	CMT	1941 Oct    # Calcutta Mean Time
			6:30	-	BMT	1942 May 15
			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
			6:30	-	BMT	1951 Sep 30
			6:00	-	BGT

# Bhutan
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Thimbu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15
			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
			6:00	-	BGT

# British Indian Ocean Territory
# From Whitman:
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Chagos	5:00	-	PKT

# Brunei
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
			7:30	-	BNT	1933
			8:00	-	BNT

# Burma
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880
			6:25	-	RMT	1920
			6:30	-	BMT	1942 May
			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
			6:30	-	BMT

# Cambodia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
			7:06	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01     # Saigon MT
			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
			7:00	-	ICT

# People's Republic of China

# From Guy Harris:
# People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.

# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
# No they don't.  See TIME mag, February 17, 1986 p.52.  Even though
# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
# the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
#
# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
# painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
#
#     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
#     1987 mid-April - ??

# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
# According to Shanks, China started using DST in 1986,
# but it's still all one big happy time zone.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
# CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
# CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10

# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
# Shanks writes that China switched from the Chinese calendar on 1912 Feb 12.
# He also writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
# and that they instituted DST on 1986 May 4; this contradicts Devine's
# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.

# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Shang	1928	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	PRC	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	PRC	1986	max	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
Rule	PRC	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
			8:00	PRC	C%sT

###############################################################################

# Republic of China

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Taiwan	1896	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896
			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT

###############################################################################
# Hong Kong
# Presumably Hong Kong will have DST again when it merges with China,
# but it's too early to predict the details.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	HK	1904	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1948	1952	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
			8:00	HK	HK%sT

# Macao
# Presumably Macao will have DST again when it merges with China,
# but it's too early to predict the details.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Macao	1912	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Macao	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	S
Rule	Macao	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	S
Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	S
Rule	Macao	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	S
Rule	Macao	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	S
Rule	Macao	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Macao	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
			8:00	Macao	C%sT


###############################################################################

# Cyprus
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Cyprus	1921	only	-	Nov	14	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	" DST"
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
			2:00	Cyprus	EET%s

# Georgia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
			2:59	-	LST	1924 May  2
			3:00	-	MSK	1957 Mar
			4:00	Russia	BS%s

# India
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
			5:53	-	CMT	1941 Oct    # Calcutta Mean Time
			6:30	-	BMT	1942 May 15
			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
			5:30	-	IST
# The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
#	Andaman Is
#	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
#	Nicobar Is

# Indonesia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
			7:07	-	JMT	1924 Jan  1 0:13
			7:20	-	JVT	1932 Nov
			7:30	-	JVT	1942 Mar 23
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
			7:30	-	JVT	1948 May
			8:00	-	JVT	1950 May
			7:30	-	JVT	1964
			7:00	-	JVT
Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
			7:58	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar Mean Time
			8:00	-	BNT	1942 Feb  9
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
			8:00	-	BNT
Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
			9:00	-	MLT	1944
			9:30	-	CST	1964
			9:00	-	MLT

# Iran

# Shanks has no record of DST after 1980.

# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
# Iran: Last Sunday in March to third (?) Sunday in
# September.  Since the revolution, the official calendar is Monarchic
# calendar; I have no idea what the correspondence between dates are.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
# IRAN                3.5H AHEAD OF UTC

# From Shanks (1991), with corrections from Devine:
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Iran	1977	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1988	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	1988	max	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
			3:26	-	TMT	1946
			3:30	-	IST	1977 Nov
			4:00	Iran	G%sT	1979
			3:30	Iran	I%sT

# Iraq
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iraq	1985	max	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iraq	1986	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
			2:58	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time
			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
			3:00	Iraq	A%sT


###############################################################################

# Israel

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
# ISRAEL              2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
# ISRAEL              3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 10 - SEP 3

# From Paul Eggert <[e-mail]> (November 18, 1993):
#
# Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991.
# After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg.

# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	1918	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D