classes.java

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			}

			//try any is
			if ((flags&B_SET) == 0)
				try {
					return getAnyMethod(cls, isMethodName, argTypes);
				} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { //ignore
				}

			//try any same
			try {
				return getAnyMethod(cls, name, argTypes);
			} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
				if ((flags & B_METHOD_ONLY) != 0)
					throw ex;
			}
		}

		if (argTypes != null && argTypes.length > 1)
			throw new NoSuchMethodException(cls+": "+name+" "+Objects.toString(argTypes));

		try {
			//try public field
			try {
				return cls.getField(name);
			} catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) { //ignore
				if ((flags & B_PUBLIC_ONLY) != 0)
					throw ex;
			}

			//try any field
			return getAnyField(cls, name);
		} catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) { //ignore
			throw new NoSuchMethodException(cls+": name="+name+" args="+Objects.toString(argTypes));
		}
	}
	/** The infomation of the access object. */
	private static class AOInfo {
		private Class cls;
		private String name;
		private Class[] argTypes;
		private int flags;
		private AOInfo(Class cls, String name, Class[] argTypes, int flags) {
			this.cls = cls;
			this.name = name;
			this.argTypes = argTypes;
			this.flags = flags;
		}
		public int hashCode() {
			return cls.hashCode() + name.hashCode() + flags;
		}
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			if (!(o instanceof AOInfo))
				return false;

			AOInfo aoi = (AOInfo)o;
			int len =  argTypes != null ? argTypes.length: 0;
			int len2 = aoi.argTypes != null ? aoi.argTypes.length: 0;
			if (len != len2)
				return false;

			if (flags != aoi.flags || !cls.equals(aoi.cls)
			|| !name.equals(aoi.name))
				return false;

			for (int j = 0; j < len; ++j)
				if (!Objects.equals(argTypes[j], aoi.argTypes[j]))
					return false;
			return true;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the specified method by searching all methods including
	 * <i>any</i> access control and any base class.
	 * Note: you rarely need to call this metod. In most cases,
	 * Class.getMethod, {@link #getCloseMethod}, and
	 * {@link #getMethodInPublic} are what you need.
	 *
	 * <p>The search sequence is: this class's methods, and then
	 * the superclass's methods.
	 *
	 * <p>Note: public methods don't be treated different. If the caller
	 * wants to search public methods first, it has to call Class.getMethod
	 * first.
	 *
	 * @param cls the class to search
	 * @param name the method name
	 * @param argTypes the parameter array of types
	 * @return the Method object
	 * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
	 * @exception SecurityException if access to the information is denied.
	 * @see #getAccessibleObject(Class, String, Class[], int)
	 * @see #getAnyField(Class, String)
	 */
	public static final Method
	getAnyMethod(Class cls, String name, Class[] argTypes)
	throws NoSuchMethodException {
		try {
			return cls.getDeclaredMethod(name, argTypes);
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
			final Class[] clses = cls.getInterfaces();
			for (int j = 0; j< clses.length; ++j)
				try {
					return getAnyMethod(clses[j], name, argTypes);
				} catch (NoSuchMethodException e2) { //ignore it
				}

			cls = cls.getSuperclass();
			if (cls == null)
				throw ex;
			return getAnyMethod(cls, name, argTypes);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the specified field by searching all fields including
	 * any access control and any base class.
	 * The search sequence is: this class's fields, and then
	 * the superclass's fields.
	 *
	 * <p>Note: public fields don't be treated different. If the caller
	 * wants to search public fields first, it has to call Class.getField
	 * first.
	 *
	 * @param cls the class to search
	 * @param name the field name
	 * @return the Field object
	 * @exception NoSuchFieldException if a matching field is not found.
	 * @exception SecurityException if access to the information is denied.
	 * @see #getAccessibleObject(Class, String, Class[], int)
	 * @see #getAnyMethod(Class, String, Class[])
	 */
	public static final Field getAnyField(Class cls, String name)
	throws NoSuchFieldException {
		for (;;) {
			try {
				return cls.getDeclaredField(name);
			} catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) {
				cls = cls.getSuperclass();
				if (cls == null)
					throw ex;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Searches thru each element of the specified array of classes, and
	 * returns classes that are super-classes (or equal) of
	 * the sepcified class.
	 *
	 * @param cls the specified class; null is not allowed
	 * @param clsToCheck the class array to check; null is acceptable
	 * @return a subset of clsToCheck that are super-class of cls;
	 * null if no one qualified
	 */
	public static final Class[] getSuperClasses(Class cls, Class[] clsToCheck) {
		if (clsToCheck!=null) {
			int[] hits = new int[clsToCheck.length];
			int no = 0;
			for (int j=0; j<clsToCheck.length; ++j)
				if (clsToCheck[j].isAssignableFrom(cls))
					hits[no++] = j;

			if (no != clsToCheck.length) {
				if (no == 0)
					return null;
				Class[] exc = new Class[no];
				for (int j=0; j<no; ++j)
					exc[j] = clsToCheck[hits[j]];
				return exc;
			}
		}
		return clsToCheck;
	}

	/**
	 * Check whether the specified class is a primitive or a primitive wrapper.
	 */
	public static final boolean isPrimitiveWrapper(Class cls) {
		return Objects.equals(cls.getPackage(), Boolean.class.getPackage())
			&& (cls.equals(Boolean.class) || cls.equals(Byte.class)
				|| cls.equals(Character.class) || cls.equals(Double.class)
				|| cls.equals(Float.class) || cls.equals(Integer.class)
				|| cls.equals(Long.class) || cls.equals(Short.class));
	}
	/** Checks whether the specified class is a numeric class.
	 *
	 * @param extend whether to consider Date, char, boolean, Character
	 * and Boolean as a numeric object.
	 */
	public static final boolean isNumeric(Class cls, boolean extend) {
		if (cls.isPrimitive())
			return extend ||
				(!cls.equals(char.class) && !cls.equals(boolean.class));

		if (Number.class.isAssignableFrom(cls))
			return true;

		return extend &&
			(cls.equals(Date.class) || cls.equals(Boolean.class)
			|| cls.equals(Character.class));
	}

	/** Converts an object to the specified class.
	 * It is the same as coerce(cls, val, true).
	 *
	 * <p>Future: use org.apache.commons.el.Coercions
	 *
	 * @param val the value.
	 * @exception ClassCastException if failed to convert
	 * @see #coerce(Class, Object, boolean)
	 */
	public static Object coerce(Class cls, Object val)
	throws ClassCastException {
		if (cls.isInstance(val))
			return val;

		if (String.class == cls) {
			return Objects.toString(val);
		} else if (BigDecimal.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return null;
			} else if (val instanceof Double) {
				return new BigDecimal(((Double)val).doubleValue());
			} else if (val instanceof Float) {
				return new BigDecimal(((Float)val).doubleValue());
			} else if (val instanceof BigInteger) {
				return new BigDecimal((BigInteger)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return BigDecimals.toBigDecimal(((Number)val).intValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new BigDecimal((String)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Date) {
				return new BigDecimal(((Date)val).getTime());
			}
		} else if (Integer.class == cls || int.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Integer.class == cls ? null: Objects.ZERO_INTEGER;
			} else if (val instanceof Integer) { //int.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Integer(((Number)val).intValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new Integer((String)val);
			}
		} else if (Boolean.class == cls || boolean.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Boolean.class == cls ? null: Boolean.FALSE;
			} else if (val instanceof Boolean) { //boolean.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return Boolean.valueOf((String)val);
			} else if (val instanceof BigDecimal) {
				return Boolean.valueOf(((BigDecimal)val).signum() != 0);
			} else if (val instanceof BigInteger) {
				return Boolean.valueOf(((BigInteger)val).signum() != 0);
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return Boolean.valueOf(((Number)val).intValue() != 0);
			} else {
				return Boolean.TRUE; //non-null is true
			}
		} else if (Short.class == cls || short.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Short.class == cls ? null: Objects.ZERO_SHORT;
			} else if (val instanceof Short) { //short.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Short(((Number)val).shortValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new Short((String)val);
			}
		} else if (Long.class == cls || long.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Long.class == cls ? null: Objects.ZERO_LONG;
			} else if (val instanceof Long) { //long.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Long(((Number)val).longValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new Long((String)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Date) {
				return new Long(((Date)val).getTime());
			}
		} else if (Double.class == cls || double.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Double.class == cls ? null: Objects.ZERO_DOUBLE;
			} else if (val instanceof Double) { //double.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Double(((Number)val).doubleValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new Double((String)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Date) {
				return new Double(((Date)val).getTime());
			}
		} else if (BigInteger.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return null;
			} else if (val instanceof Integer) {
				return BigIntegers.toBigInteger((Integer)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Short) {
				return BigIntegers.toBigInteger((Short)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Byte) {
				return BigIntegers.toBigInteger((Byte)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return BigIntegers.toBigInteger(((Number)val).longValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new BigInteger((String)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Date) {
				return BigIntegers.toBigInteger(((Date)val).getTime());
			}
		} else if (Float.class == cls || float.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Float.class == cls ? null: Objects.ZERO_FLOAT;
			} else if (val instanceof Float) { //float.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Float(((Number)val).floatValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new Float((String)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Date) {
				return new Float(((Date)val).getTime());
			}
		} else if (Byte.class == cls || byte.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Byte.class == cls ? null: Objects.ZERO_BYTE;
			} else if (val instanceof Byte) { //byte.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Byte(((Number)val).byteValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new Byte((String)val);
			}
		} else if (Character.class == cls || char.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return Character.class == cls ? null: Objects.NULL_CHARACTER;
			} else if (val instanceof Character) { //character.class
				return val;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Character((char)((Number)val).shortValue());
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				final String s = (String)val;
				return s.length() > 0 ? new Character(s.charAt(0)): Objects.NULL_CHARACTER;
			}
		} else if (Date.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return null;
			} else if (val instanceof Number) {
				return new Date(((Number)val).longValue());
			}
		} else if (Number.class == cls) {
			if (val == null) {
				return null;
			} else if (val instanceof String) {
				return new BigDecimal((String)val);
			} else if (val instanceof Date) {
				return new BigDecimal(((Date)val).getTime());
			}
		} else {
			if (val == null) {
				return null;
			} else {
				try {
					return cls.newInstance();
				} catch (Exception ex) {
					final ClassCastException t =
						new ClassCastException(
							Messages.get(MCommon.CLASS_NOT_COMPATIABLE,
							new Object[] {val.getClass(), cls}));
					t.initCause(ex);
					throw t;
				}
			}
		}

		throw new ClassCastException(
			Messages.get(MCommon.CLASS_NOT_COMPATIABLE,
			new Object[] {
				val != null ? val+"("+val.getClass().getName()+")": "null",
				cls}));
	}
	/** Converts to the specified type.
	 *
	 * @param nullable whether the result could be null.
	 * If false, 0 is used for number, the default constructor is used
	 * for others. {@link #coerce(Class, Object)} is a special case that
	 * is equivalent to nullable=true.
	 * @exception ClassCastException if failed to convert
	 */
	public static Object coerce(Class cls, Object val, boolean nullable)
	throws ClassCastException {
		if (nullable || val != null)
			return coerce(cls, val);

		if (BigDecimal.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_BIG_DECIMAL;
		} else if (Integer.class == cls || int.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_INTEGER;
		} else if (Boolean.class == cls || boolean.class == cls) {
			return Boolean.FALSE;
		} else if (Short.class == cls || short.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_SHORT;
		} else if (Long.class == cls || long.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_LONG;
		} else if (Double.class == cls || double.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_DOUBLE;
		} else if (Byte.class == cls || byte.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_BYTE;
		} else if (BigInteger.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_BIG_INTEGER;
		} else if (Float.class == cls || float.class == cls) {
			return Objects.ZERO_FLOAT;
		} else if (Character.class == cls || char.class == cls) {
			return Objects.NULL_CHARACTER;
		} else {
			try {
				return cls.newInstance();
			} catch (Exception ex) {
				final ClassCastException t =
					new ClassCastException(
						Messages.get(MCommon.CLASS_NOT_COMPATIABLE,
						new Object[] {"null", cls}));
				t.initCause(ex);
				throw t;
			}
		}
	}
}