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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Sysvinit</TITLE><METANAME="GENERATOR"CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.63"><LINKREL="HOME"TITLE="Linux From Scratch"HREF="../index.html"><LINKREL="UP"TITLE="Package descriptions"HREF="../appendixa/appendixa.html"><LINKREL="PREVIOUS"TITLE="Sysklogd"HREF="../appendixa/sysklogd.html"><LINKREL="NEXT"TITLE="Util Linux"HREF="../appendixa/util-linux.html"></HEAD><BODYCLASS="sect1"BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"LINK="#0000FF"VLINK="#840084"ALINK="#0000FF"><DIVCLASS="NAVHEADER"><TABLEWIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><THCOLSPAN="3"ALIGN="center">Linux From Scratch: Version 3.1</TH></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="../appendixa/sysklogd.html">Prev</A></TD><TDWIDTH="80%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="bottom">Appendix A. Package descriptions</TD><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="../appendixa/util-linux.html">Next</A></TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect1"><H1CLASS="sect1"><ANAME="aa-sysvinit">A.49. Sysvinit</A></H1><DIVCLASS="sect2"><H2CLASS="sect2"><ANAME="AEN5876">A.49.1. Contents</A></H2><P>The Sysvinit package contains the halt, init, killall5, last, lastb, mesg, pidof, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown, sulogin,telinit, utmpdump, wall,</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect2"><H2CLASS="sect2"><ANAME="AEN5879">A.49.2. Description</A></H2><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5881">A.49.2.1. halt</A></H3><P>Halt notes that the system is being brought down in the file /var/log/wtmp, and then either tells the kernel to halt, reboot or poweroff the system. If halt or reboot is called when the system is not in runlevel 0 or 6, shutdown will be invoked instead (with the flag -h or -r).</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5884">A.49.2.2. init</A></H3><P>Init is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create processes from a script stored in the file /etc/inittab. This file usually has entries which cause init to spawn gettys on each line thatusers can log in. It also controls autonomous processes required by any particular system.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5887">A.49.2.3. killall5</A></H3><P>killall5 is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all processes except the processes in its own session, so it won't kill the shell that is running the script it was called from.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5890">A.49.2.4. last</A></H3><P>last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5893">A.49.2.5. lastb</A></H3><P>lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5896">A.49.2.6. mesg</A></H3><P>Mesg controls the access to the users terminal by others. It's typically used to allow or disallow other users to write to his terminal.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5899">A.49.2.7. pidof</A></H3><P>Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and printsthose id's on standard output.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5902">A.49.2.8. poweroff</A></H3><P>poweroff is equivalent to shutdown -h -p now. It halts the computer andswitches off the computer (when using an APM compliant BIOS and APM is enabled in the kernel).</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5905">A.49.2.9. reboot</A></H3><P>reboot is equivalent to shutdown -r now. It reboots the computer.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5908">A.49.2.10. runlevel</A></H3><P>Runlevel reads the system utmp file (typically /var/run/utmp) to locate the runlevel record, and then prints the previous and current system runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single space.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5911">A.49.2.11. shutdown</A></H3><P>shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are notified that the system is going down, and login is blocked.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5914">A.49.2.12. sulogin</A></H3><P>sulogin is invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode (this is done through an entry in /etc/inittab). Init also tries to execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the boot loader (eg, LILO).</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5917">A.49.2.13. telinit</A></H3><P>telinit sends appropriate signals to init, telling it which runlevel tochange to.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5920">A.49.2.14. utmpdump</A></H3><P>utmpdumps prints the content of a file (usually /var/run/utmp) onstandard output in a user friendly format.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect3"><H3CLASS="sect3"><ANAME="AEN5923">A.49.2.15. wall</A></H3><P>Wall sends a message to everybody logged in with their mesg permission set to yes.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="NAVFOOTER"><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"><TABLEWIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="../appendixa/sysklogd.html">Prev</A></TD><TDWIDTH="34%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="../index.html">Home</A></TD><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="../appendixa/util-linux.html">Next</A></TD></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="top">Sysklogd</TD><TDWIDTH="34%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="../appendixa/appendixa.html">Up</A></TD><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="top">Util Linux</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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