📄 cats_v312.ps
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2689 y Fi(2)2575 2584 y Fc(!)2650 2580 y Fb(\024)p 26502592 37 4 v 2653 2633 a Fa(2)3445 2730 y Fn(\(7\))5683052 y(The)38 b(step-v)n(ariable)g(white)g(noise)g(model)g(is)g(an)h(ad-hoc)g(model)e(de)n(vised)h(so)g(that)568 3172 y(we)30b(can)h(introduce)e(a)i(step)e(function)h(in)f(the)h(size)h(of)f(the)g(white)f(nosie)h(component)568 3293 y(between)35 b(tw)o(o)g(speci\002ed)h(times.)62 b(Y)-11 b(ou)36 b(can)g(let)f(the)g(minimization)f(solv)o(e)g(for)i(the)568 3413 y(times)28b(b)n(ut)h(this)f(is)h(v)o(ery)g(unstable)g(\(as)g(its)g(not)g(a)h(continuous)d(function\))i(and)g(is)g(not)568 3534 y(recommended.)44b(This)29 b(noise)f(model)h(should)f(AL)-7 b(W)-12 b(A)i(YS)29b(be)h(used)f(in)g(conjunction)568 3654 y(with)36 b(a)g(white)h(noise)f(or)g(v)n(ariable)g(white)g(noise)g(model.)66 b(The)36b(model)g(should)g(be)568 3774 y(speci\002ed)25 b(as)g(follo)n(ws)5684010 y Fd(--model)58 b(sw:b1997.0e1998.0)568 4245 y Fn(where)30b Fk(b)g 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b(a)g(sinusoid)e(\(and)hFk(n)568 3288 y Fn(harmonics\))42 b(of)h(period)g Fk(<)pFn(period)p Fk(>)f Fn(to)g(the)h(linear)g(parameters)g(to)g(solv)o(e.)84 b(Use)568 3408 y(time)p 752 3408 V 35 w(\003ag)25b(to)f(describe)h(what)g(units)f(the)g(period)h(is)f(in)g(:)5683611 y Fo(y)48 b Fn(years)568 3773 y Fo(d)h Fn(days)5683935 y Fo(h)g Fn(hours)568 4097 y Fo(m)f Fn(minutes)5684259 y Fo(s)g Fn(seconds)568 4462 y(T)-8 b(o)28 b(solv)o(e)f(for)i(an)g(annual)f(sinusoid)f(use)i Fo(-)f(-sinusoid)h(1y)p Fn(.)42b(T)-8 b(o)28 b(solv)o(e)g(for)g(an)h(annual)568 4583y(sinusoid)23 b(and)h(a)i(semi-annual)d(use)i Fo(-)g(-sinusoid)g(1y1)pFn(.)324 4786 y Fo(--v)o(erbose)h(\(-V\))49 b Fn(v)o(erbose.)30b(Output)24 b(more)g(information.)1918 5251 y(8)p eop%%Page: 9 99 8 bop 324 548 a Fo(--speed)26 b Fk(<)p Fo(0/1/2/3)pFk(>)d Fo(\(-Z\))50 b Fn(Speed)32 b(up)g(the)g(computation.)51b(At)32 b(e)n(v)o(ery)f(point)g(in)h(the)g(mini-)568668 y(mization)27 b(algorithm)g(the)h(noise)f(parameters)i(are)g(chosen,)g(the)f(co)o(v)n(ariance)g(matrix)568 789 y(is)38b(calculated,)43 b(a)c(weighted)g(least)f(squares)h(is)g(performed)g(on)g(the)g(data)g(and)g(the)568 909 y(residuals)c(calculated.)66b(The)36 b(residuals,)i(along)e(with)g(the)g(noise)g(parameters,)j(are)568 1029 y(used)21 b(to)h(calculate)h(the)e(MLE)h(v)n(alue)g(\(which)f(is)h(the)g(objecti)n(v)o(e)e(function)i(in)f(the)h(min-)5681150 y(imization\).)28 b(Ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)20 b(if)h(you)g(ha)n(v)o(e)g(good)g(starting)g(parameters)g(then)g(the)g(residuals)5681270 y(will)33 b(not)h(alter)g(much)g(between)h(dif)n(ferent)f(noise)g(parameter)g(choices)h(and)f(so)g(the)568 1391 y(minimization)19b(can)k(be)f(made)h(f)o(aster)f(by)g(using)f(the)i(same)f(residuals)f(for)i(man)o(y)e(parts)568 1511 y(of)h(the)g(algorithm.)28b(In)22 b(general)g(this)f(gi)n(v)o(es)g(results)g(that)g(are)i(a)f(tenth)g(of)g(a)g(mm)f(or)h(less)568 1631 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