warning-options.html

自己收集的linux入门到学懂高级编程书集 包括linux程序设计第三版

     <br><dt><code>-Wtraditional </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in traditional and
ISO C.  Also warn about ISO C constructs that have no traditional C
equivalent, and/or problematic constructs which should be avoided.

          <ul>
<li>Macro parameters that appear within string literals in the macro body. 
In traditional C macro replacement takes place within string literals,
but does not in ISO C.

          <li>In traditional C, some preprocessor directives did not exist. 
Traditional preprocessors would only consider a line to be a directive
if the <code>#</code> appeared in column 1 on the line.  Therefore
<code>-Wtraditional</code> warns about directives that traditional C
understands but would ignore because the <code>#</code> does not appear as the
first character on the line.  It also suggests you hide directives like
<code>#pragma</code> not understood by traditional C by indenting them.  Some
traditional implementations would not recognize <code>#elif</code>, so it
suggests avoiding it altogether.

          <li>A function-like macro that appears without arguments.

          <li>The unary plus operator.

          <li>The <code>U</code> integer constant suffix, or the <code>F</code> or <code>L</code> floating point
constant suffixes.  (Traditional C does support the <code>L</code> suffix on integer
constants.)  Note, these suffixes appear in macros defined in the system
headers of most modern systems, e.g. the <code>_MIN</code>/<code>_MAX</code> macros in <code>&lt;limits.h&gt;</code>. 
Use of these macros in user code might normally lead to spurious
warnings, however GCC's integrated preprocessor has enough context to
avoid warning in these cases.

          <li>A function declared external in one block and then used after the end of
the block.

          <li>A <code>switch</code> statement has an operand of type <code>long</code>.

          <li>A non-<code>static</code> function declaration follows a <code>static</code> one. 
This construct is not accepted by some traditional C compilers.

          <li>The ISO type of an integer constant has a different width or
signedness from its traditional type.  This warning is only issued if
the base of the constant is ten.  I.e. hexadecimal or octal values, which
typically represent bit patterns, are not warned about.

          <li>Usage of ISO string concatenation is detected.

          <li>Initialization of automatic aggregates.

          <li>Identifier conflicts with labels.  Traditional C lacks a separate
namespace for labels.

          <li>Initialization of unions.  If the initializer is zero, the warning is
omitted.  This is done under the assumption that the zero initializer in
user code appears conditioned on e.g. <code>__STDC__</code> to avoid missing
initializer warnings and relies on default initialization to zero in the
traditional C case.

          <li>Conversions by prototypes between fixed/floating point values and vice
versa.  The absence of these prototypes when compiling with traditional
C would cause serious problems.  This is a subset of the possible
conversion warnings, for the full set use <code>-Wconversion</code>.

          <li>Use of ISO C style function definitions.  This warning intentionally is
<em>not</em> issued for prototype declarations or variadic functions
because these ISO C features will appear in your code when using
libiberty's traditional C compatibility macros, <code>PARAMS</code> and
<code>VPARAMS</code>.  This warning is also bypassed for nested functions
because that feature is already a GCC extension and thus not relevant to
traditional C compatibility. 
</ul>

     <br><dt><code>-Wdeclaration-after-statement </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn when a declaration is found after a statement in a block.  This
construct, known from C++, was introduced with ISO C99 and is by default
allowed in GCC.  It is not supported by ISO C90 and was not supported by
GCC versions before GCC 3.0.  See <a href="Mixed-Declarations.html#Mixed%20Declarations">Mixed Declarations</a>.

     <br><dt><code>-Wundef</code>
     <dd>Warn if an undefined identifier is evaluated in an <code>#if</code> directive.

     <br><dt><code>-Wendif-labels</code>
     <dd>Warn whenever an <code>#else</code> or an <code>#endif</code> are followed by text.

     <br><dt><code>-Wshadow</code>
     <dd>Warn whenever a local variable shadows another local variable, parameter or
global variable or whenever a built-in function is shadowed.

     <br><dt><code>-Wlarger-than-</code><var>len</var><code></code>
     <dd>Warn whenever an object of larger than <var>len</var> bytes is defined.

     <br><dt><code>-Wpointer-arith</code>
     <dd>Warn about anything that depends on the "size of" a function type or
of <code>void</code>.  GNU C assigns these types a size of 1, for
convenience in calculations with <code>void *</code> pointers and pointers
to functions.

     <br><dt><code>-Wbad-function-cast </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn whenever a function call is cast to a non-matching type. 
For example, warn if <code>int malloc()</code> is cast to <code>anything *</code>.

     <br><dt><code>-Wcast-qual</code>
     <dd>Warn whenever a pointer is cast so as to remove a type qualifier from
the target type.  For example, warn if a <code>const char *</code> is cast
to an ordinary <code>char *</code>.

     <br><dt><code>-Wcast-align</code>
     <dd>Warn whenever a pointer is cast such that the required alignment of the
target is increased.  For example, warn if a <code>char *</code> is cast to
an <code>int *</code> on machines where integers can only be accessed at
two- or four-byte boundaries.

     <br><dt><code>-Wwrite-strings</code>
     <dd>When compiling C, give string constants the type <code>const
char[</code><var>length</var><code>]</code> so that
copying the address of one into a non-<code>const</code> <code>char *</code>
pointer will get a warning; when compiling C++, warn about the
deprecated conversion from string constants to <code>char *</code>. 
These warnings will help you find at
compile time code that can try to write into a string constant, but
only if you have been very careful about using <code>const</code> in
declarations and prototypes.  Otherwise, it will just be a nuisance;
this is why we did not make <code>-Wall</code> request these warnings.

     <br><dt><code>-Wconversion</code>
     <dd>Warn if a prototype causes a type conversion that is different from what
would happen to the same argument in the absence of a prototype.  This
includes conversions of fixed point to floating and vice versa, and
conversions changing the width or signedness of a fixed point argument
except when the same as the default promotion.

     <p>Also, warn if a negative integer constant expression is implicitly
converted to an unsigned type.  For example, warn about the assignment
<code>x = -1</code> if <code>x</code> is unsigned.  But do not warn about explicit
casts like <code>(unsigned) -1</code>.

     <br><dt><code>-Wsign-compare</code>
     <dd>Warn when a comparison between signed and unsigned values could produce
an incorrect result when the signed value is converted to unsigned. 
This warning is also enabled by <code>-Wextra</code>; to get the other warnings
of <code>-Wextra</code> without this warning, use <code>-Wextra -Wno-sign-compare</code>.

     <br><dt><code>-Waggregate-return</code>
     <dd>Warn if any functions that return structures or unions are defined or
called.  (In languages where you can return an array, this also elicits
a warning.)

     <br><dt><code>-Wstrict-prototypes </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn if a function is declared or defined without specifying the
argument types.  (An old-style function definition is permitted without
a warning if preceded by a declaration which specifies the argument
types.)

     <br><dt><code>-Wold-style-definition </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn if an old-style function definition is used.  A warning is given
even if there is a previous prototype.

     <br><dt><code>-Wmissing-prototypes </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn if a global function is defined without a previous prototype
declaration.  This warning is issued even if the definition itself
provides a prototype.  The aim is to detect global functions that fail
to be declared in header files.

     <br><dt><code>-Wmissing-declarations </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn if a global function is defined without a previous declaration. 
Do so even if the definition itself provides a prototype. 
Use this option to detect global functions that are not declared in
header files.

     <br><dt><code>-Wmissing-noreturn</code>
     <dd>Warn about functions which might be candidates for attribute <code>noreturn</code>. 
Note these are only possible candidates, not absolute ones.  Care should
be taken to manually verify functions actually do not ever return before
adding the <code>noreturn</code> attribute, otherwise subtle code generation
bugs could be introduced.  You will not get a warning for <code>main</code> in
hosted C environments.

     <br><dt><code>-Wmissing-format-attribute</code>
     <dd>If <code>-Wformat</code> is enabled, also warn about functions which might be
candidates for <code>format</code> attributes.  Note these are only possible
candidates, not absolute ones.  GCC will guess that <code>format</code>
attributes might be appropriate for any function that calls a function
like <code>vprintf</code> or <code>vscanf</code>, but this might not always be the
case, and some functions for which <code>format</code> attributes are
appropriate may not be detected.  This option has no effect unless
<code>-Wformat</code> is enabled (possibly by <code>-Wall</code>).

     <br><dt><code>-Wno-multichar</code>
     <dd>Do not warn if a multicharacter constant (<code>'FOOF'</code>) is used. 
Usually they indicate a typo in the user's code, as they have
implementation-defined values, and should not be used in portable code.

     <br><dt><code>-Wno-deprecated-declarations</code>
     <dd>Do not warn about uses of functions, variables, and types marked as
deprecated by using the <code>deprecated</code> attribute. 
(see <a href="Function-Attributes.html#Function%20Attributes">Function Attributes</a>, see <a href="Variable-Attributes.html#Variable%20Attributes">Variable Attributes</a>,
see <a href="Type-Attributes.html#Type%20Attributes">Type Attributes</a>.)

     <br><dt><code>-Wpacked</code>
     <dd>Warn if a structure is given the packed attribute, but the packed
attribute has no effect on the layout or size of the structure. 
Such structures may be mis-aligned for little benefit.  For
instance, in this code, the variable <code>f.x</code> in <code>struct bar</code>
will be misaligned even though <code>struct bar</code> does not itself
have the packed attribute:

     <pre class="smallexample">          struct foo {
            int x;
            char a, b, c, d;
          } __attribute__((packed));
          struct bar {
            char z;
            struct foo f;
          };
          </pre>

     <br><dt><code>-Wpadded</code>
     <dd>Warn if padding is included in a structure, either to align an element
of the structure or to align the whole structure.  Sometimes when this
happens it is possible to rearrange the fields of the structure to
reduce the padding and so make the structure smaller.

     <br><dt><code>-Wredundant-decls</code>
     <dd>Warn if anything is declared more than once in the same scope, even in
cases where multiple declaration is valid and changes nothing.

     <br><dt><code>-Wnested-externs </code>(C only)<code></code>
     <dd>Warn if an <code>extern</code> declaration is encountered within a function.

     <br><dt><code>-Wunreachable-code</code>
     <dd>Warn if the compiler detects that code will never be executed.

     <p>This option is intended to warn when the compiler detects that at
least a whole line of source code will never be executed, because
some condition is never satisfied or because it is after a
procedure that never returns.

     <p>It is possible for this option to produce a warning even though there
are circumstances under which part of the affected line can be executed,
so care should be taken when removing apparently-unreachable code.

     <p>For instance, when a function is inlined, a warning may mean that the
line is unreachable in only one inlined copy of the function.

     <p>This option is not made part of <code>-Wall</code> because in a debugging
version of a program there is often substantial code which checks
correct functioning of the program and is, hopefully, unreachable
because the program does work.  Another common use of unreachable
code is to provide behavior which is selectable at compile-time.

     <br><dt><code>-Winline</code>
     <dd>Warn if a function can not be inlined and it was declared as inline. 
Even with this option, the compiler will not warn about failures to
inline functions declared in system headers.

     <p>The compiler uses a variety of heuristics to determine whether or not
to inline a function.  For example, the compiler takes into account
the size of the function being inlined and the the amount of inlining
that has already been done in the current function.  Therefore,
seemingly insignificant changes in the source program can cause the
warnings produced by <code>-Winline</code> to appear or disappear.

     <br><dt><code>-Wno-invalid-offsetof </code>(C++ only)<code></code>
     <dd>Suppress warnings from applying the <code>offsetof</code> macro to a non-POD
type.  According to the 1998 ISO C++ standard, applying <code>offsetof</code>
to a non-POD type is undefined.  In existing C++ implementations,
however, <code>offsetof</code> typically gives meaningful results even when
applied to certain kinds of non-POD types. (Such as a simple
<code>struct</code> that fails to be a POD type only by virtue of having a
constructor.)  This flag is for users who are aware that they are
writing nonportable code and who have deliberately chosen to ignore the
warning about it.

     <p>The restrictions on <code>offsetof</code> may be relaxed in a future version
of the C++ standard.

     <br><dt><code>-Winvalid-pch</code>
     <dd>Warn if a precompiled header (see <a href="Precompiled-Headers.html#Precompiled%20Headers">Precompiled Headers</a>) is found in
the search path but can't be used.

     <br><dt><code>-Wlong-long</code>
     <dd>Warn if <code>long long</code> type is used.  This is default.  To inhibit
the warning messages, use <code>-Wno-long-long</code>.  Flags
<code>-Wlong-long</code> and <code>-Wno-long-long</code> are taken into account
only when <code>-pedantic</code> flag is used.

     <br><dt><code>-Wvariadic-macros</code>
     <dd>Warn if variadic macros are used in pedantic ISO C90 mode, or the GNU
alternate syntax when in pedantic ISO C99 mode.  This is default. 
To inhibit the warning messages, use <code>-Wno-variadic-macros</code>.

     <br><dt><code>-Wdisabled-optimization</code>
     <dd>Warn if a requested optimization pass is disabled.  This warning does
not generally indicate that there is anything wrong with your code; it
merely indicates that GCC's optimizers were unable to handle the code
effectively.  Often, the problem is that your code is too big or too
complex; GCC will refuse to optimize programs when the optimization
itself is likely to take inordinate amounts of time.

     <br><dt><code>-Werror</code>
     <dd>Make all warnings into errors. 
</dl>

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