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<html lang="en"><head><title>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"><meta name="description" content="Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)"><meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.6"><!--Copyright © 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <p>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this documentunder the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 orany later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with theInvariant Sections being "GNU General Public License" and "FundingFree Software", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and withthe Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license isincluded in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". <p>(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: <p>A GNU Manual <p>(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: <p>You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.--><meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"><style type="text/css"><!-- pre.display { font-family:inherit } pre.format { font-family:inherit } pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }--></style></head><body><div class="node"><p>Node: <a name="Gcov%20Intro">Gcov Intro</a>,Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Invoking-Gcov.html#Invoking%20Gcov">Invoking Gcov</a>,Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Gcov.html#Gcov">Gcov</a><hr><br></div><h3 class="section">Introduction to <code>gcov</code></h3><p><code>gcov</code> is a test coverage program. Use it in concert with GCCto analyze your programs to help create more efficient, faster runningcode and to discover untested parts of your program. You can use<code>gcov</code> as a profiling tool to help discover where youroptimization efforts will best affect your code. You can also use<code>gcov</code> along with the other profiling tool, <code>gprof</code>, toassess which parts of your code use the greatest amount of computingtime. <p>Profiling tools help you analyze your code's performance. Using aprofiler such as <code>gcov</code> or <code>gprof</code>, you can find out somebasic performance statistics, such as: <ul><li>how often each line of code executes <li>what lines of code are actually executed <li>how much computing time each section of code uses</ul> <p>Once you know these things about how your code works when compiled, youcan look at each module to see which modules should be optimized. <code>gcov</code> helps you determine where to work on optimization. <p>Software developers also use coverage testing in concert withtestsuites, to make sure software is actually good enough for a release. Testsuites can verify that a program works as expected; a coverageprogram tests to see how much of the program is exercised by thetestsuite. Developers can then determine what kinds of test cases needto be added to the testsuites to create both better testing and a betterfinal product. <p>You should compile your code without optimization if you plan to use<code>gcov</code> because the optimization, by combining some lines of codeinto one function, may not give you as much information as you need tolook for `hot spots' where the code is using a great deal of computertime. Likewise, because <code>gcov</code> accumulates statistics by line (atthe lowest resolution), it works best with a programming style thatplaces only one statement on each line. If you use complicated macrosthat expand to loops or to other control structures, the statistics areless helpful--they only report on the line where the macro callappears. If your complex macros behave like functions, you can replacethem with inline functions to solve this problem. <p><code>gcov</code> creates a logfile called <code></code><var>sourcefile</var><code>.gcov</code> whichindicates how many times each line of a source file <code></code><var>sourcefile</var><code>.c</code>has executed. You can use these logfiles along with <code>gprof</code> to aidin fine-tuning the performance of your programs. <code>gprof</code> givestiming information you can use along with the information you get from<code>gcov</code>. <p><code>gcov</code> works only on code compiled with GCC. It is notcompatible with any other profiling or test coverage mechanism. </body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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