gprof.texi

基于4个mips核的noc设计

@itemx --exec-counts[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-C} option causes @code{gprof} to
print a tally of functions and the number of times each was called.
If @var{symspec} is specified, print tally only for matching symbols.

If the profile data file contains basic-block count records, specifying
the @samp{-l} option, along with @samp{-C}, will cause basic-block
execution counts to be tallied and displayed.

@item -i
@itemx --file-info
The @samp{-i} option causes @code{gprof} to display summary information
about the profile data file(s) and then exit.  The number of histogram,
call graph, and basic-block count records is displayed.

@item -I @var{dirs}
@itemx --directory-path=@var{dirs}
The @samp{-I} option specifies a list of search directories in
which to find source files.  Environment variable @var{GPROF_PATH}
can also be used to convey this information.
Used mostly for annotated source output.

@item -J[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --no-annotated-source[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-J} option causes @code{gprof} not to
print annotated source code.
If @var{symspec} is specified, @code{gprof} prints annotated source,
but excludes matching symbols.

@item -L
@itemx --print-path
Normally, source filenames are printed with the path
component suppressed.  The @samp{-L} option causes @code{gprof}
to print the full pathname of
source filenames, which is determined
from symbolic debugging information in the image file
and is relative to the directory in which the compiler
was invoked.

@item -p[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --flat-profile[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-p} option causes @code{gprof} to print a flat profile.
If @var{symspec} is specified, print flat profile only for matching symbols.
@xref{Flat Profile}.

@item -P[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --no-flat-profile[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-P} option causes @code{gprof} to suppress printing a flat profile.
If @var{symspec} is specified, @code{gprof} prints a flat profile,
but excludes matching symbols.

@item -q[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --graph[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-q} option causes @code{gprof} to print the call graph analysis.
If @var{symspec} is specified, print call graph only for matching symbols
and their children.
@xref{Call Graph}.

@item -Q[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --no-graph[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-Q} option causes @code{gprof} to suppress printing the
call graph.
If @var{symspec} is specified, @code{gprof} prints a call graph,
but excludes matching symbols.

@item -y
@itemx --separate-files
This option affects annotated source output only.
Normally, @code{gprof} prints annotated source files
to standard-output.  If this option is specified,
annotated source for a file named @file{path/@var{filename}}
is generated in the file @file{@var{filename}-ann}.  If the underlying
filesystem would truncate @file{@var{filename}-ann} so that it
overwrites the original @file{@var{filename}}, @code{gprof} generates
annotated source in the file @file{@var{filename}.ann} instead (if the
original file name has an extension, that extension is @emph{replaced}
with @file{.ann}).

@item -Z[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --no-exec-counts[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-Z} option causes @code{gprof} not to
print a tally of functions and the number of times each was called.
If @var{symspec} is specified, print tally, but exclude matching symbols.

@item --function-ordering
The @samp{--function-ordering} option causes @code{gprof} to print a
suggested function ordering for the program based on profiling data.
This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and
cache behavior for the program on systems which support arbitrary
ordering of functions in an executable.

The exact details of how to force the linker to place functions
in a particular order is system dependent and out of the scope of this
manual.

@item --file-ordering @var{map_file}
The @samp{--file-ordering} option causes @code{gprof} to print a
suggested .o link line ordering for the program based on profiling data.
This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and
cache behavior for the program on systems which do not support arbitrary
ordering of functions in an executable.

Use of the @samp{-a} argument is highly recommended with this option.

The @var{map_file} argument is a pathname to a file which provides
function name to object file mappings.  The format of the file is similar to
the output of the program @code{nm}.

@smallexample
@group
c-parse.o:00000000 T yyparse
c-parse.o:00000004 C yyerrflag
c-lang.o:00000000 T maybe_objc_method_name
c-lang.o:00000000 T print_lang_statistics
c-lang.o:00000000 T recognize_objc_keyword
c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_identifier
c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_type
@dots{}

@end group
@end smallexample

To create a @var{map_file} with @sc{gnu} @code{nm}, type a command like
@kbd{nm --extern-only --defined-only -v --print-file-name program-name}.

@item -T
@itemx --traditional
The @samp{-T} option causes @code{gprof} to print its output in
``traditional'' BSD style.

@item -w @var{width}
@itemx --width=@var{width}
Sets width of output lines to @var{width}.
Currently only used when printing the function index at the bottom
of the call graph.

@item -x
@itemx --all-lines
This option affects annotated source output only.
By default, only the lines at the beginning of a basic-block
are annotated.  If this option is specified, every line in
a basic-block is annotated by repeating the annotation for the
first line.  This behavior is similar to @code{tcov}'s @samp{-a}.

@item --demangle[=@var{style}]
@itemx --no-demangle
These options control whether C++ symbol names should be demangled when
printing output.  The default is to demangle symbols.  The
@code{--no-demangle} option may be used to turn off demangling. Different 
compilers have different mangling styles.  The optional demangling style 
argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your 
compiler.
@end table

@node Analysis Options,Miscellaneous Options,Output Options,Invoking
@section Analysis Options

@table @code

@item -a
@itemx --no-static
The @samp{-a} option causes @code{gprof} to suppress the printing of
statically declared (private) functions.  (These are functions whose
names are not listed as global, and which are not visible outside the
file/function/block where they were defined.)  Time spent in these
functions, calls to/from them, etc, will all be attributed to the
function that was loaded directly before it in the executable file.
@c This is compatible with Unix @code{gprof}, but a bad idea.  
This option affects both the flat profile and the call graph.

@item -c
@itemx --static-call-graph
The @samp{-c} option causes the call graph of the program to be
augmented by a heuristic which examines the text space of the object
file and identifies function calls in the binary machine code.
Since normal call graph records are only generated when functions are
entered, this option identifies children that could have been called,
but never were.  Calls to functions that were not compiled with
profiling enabled are also identified, but only if symbol table
entries are present for them.
Calls to dynamic library routines are typically @emph{not} found
by this option.
Parents or children identified via this heuristic
are indicated in the call graph with call counts of @samp{0}.

@item -D
@itemx --ignore-non-functions
The @samp{-D} option causes @code{gprof} to ignore symbols which
are not known to be functions.  This option will give more accurate
profile data on systems where it is supported (Solaris and HPUX for
example).

@item -k @var{from}/@var{to}
The @samp{-k} option allows you to delete from the call graph any arcs from
symbols matching symspec @var{from} to those matching symspec @var{to}.

@item -l
@itemx --line
The @samp{-l} option enables line-by-line profiling, which causes
histogram hits to be charged to individual source code lines,
instead of functions.
If the program was compiled with basic-block counting enabled,
this option will also identify how many times each line of
code was executed.
While line-by-line profiling can help isolate where in a large function
a program is spending its time, it also significantly increases
the running time of @code{gprof}, and magnifies statistical
inaccuracies.
@xref{Sampling Error}.

@item -m @var{num}
@itemx --min-count=@var{num}
This option affects execution count output only.
Symbols that are executed less than @var{num} times are suppressed.

@item -n[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --time[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-n} option causes @code{gprof}, in its call graph analysis,
to only propagate times for symbols matching @var{symspec}.

@item -N[@var{symspec}]
@itemx --no-time[=@var{symspec}]
The @samp{-n} option causes @code{gprof}, in its call graph analysis,
not to propagate times for symbols matching @var{symspec}.

@item -z
@itemx --display-unused-functions
If you give the @samp{-z} option, @code{gprof} will mention all
functions in the flat profile, even those that were never called, and
that had no time spent in them.  This is useful in conjunction with the
@samp{-c} option for discovering which routines were never called.

@end table

@node Miscellaneous Options,Deprecated Options,Analysis Options,Invoking
@section Miscellaneous Options

@table @code

@item -d[@var{num}]
@itemx --debug[=@var{num}]
The @samp{-d @var{num}} option specifies debugging options.
If @var{num} is not specified, enable all debugging.
@xref{Debugging}.

@item -O@var{name}
@itemx --file-format=@var{name}
Selects the format of the profile data files.  Recognized formats are
@samp{auto} (the default), @samp{bsd}, @samp{4.4bsd}, @samp{magic}, and
@samp{prof} (not yet supported).

@item -s
@itemx --sum
The @samp{-s} option causes @code{gprof} to summarize the information
in the profile data files it read in, and write out a profile data
file called @file{gmon.sum}, which contains all the information from
the profile data files that @code{gprof} read in.  The file @file{gmon.sum}
may be one of the specified input files; the effect of this is to
merge the data in the other input files into @file{gmon.sum}.

Eventually you can run @code{gprof} again without @samp{-s} to analyze the
cumulative data in the file @file{gmon.sum}.

@item -v
@itemx --version
The @samp{-v} flag causes @code{gprof} to print the current version
number, and then exit.

@end table

@node Deprecated Options,Symspecs,Miscellaneous Options,Invoking
@section Deprecated Options

@table @code

These options have been replaced with newer versions that use symspecs.

@item -e @var{function_name}
The @samp{-e @var{function}} option tells @code{gprof} to not print
information about the function @var{function_name} (and its
children@dots{}) in the call graph.  The function will still be listed
as a child of any functions that call it, but its index number will be
shown as @samp{[not printed]}.  More than one @samp{-e} option may be
given; only one @var{function_name} may be indicated with each @samp{-e}
option. 

@item -E @var{function_name}
The @code{-E @var{function}} option works like the @code{-e} option, but
time spent in the function (and children who were not called from
anywhere else), will not be used to compute the percentages-of-time for
the call graph.  More than one @samp{-E} option may be given; only one
@var{function_name} may be indicated with each @samp{-E} option.

@item -f @var{function_name}
The @samp{-f @var{function}} option causes @code{gprof} to limit the
call graph to the function @var{function_name} and its children (and
their children@dots{}).  More than one @samp{-f} option may be given;
only one @var{function_name} may be indicated with each @samp{-f}
option.  

@item -F @var{function_name}
The @samp{-F @var{function}} option works like the @code{-f} option, but
only time spent in the function and its children (and their
children@dots{}) will be used to determine total-time and
percentages-of-time for the call graph.  More than one @samp{-F} option
may be given; only one @var{function_name} may be indicated with each
@samp{-F} option.  The @samp{-F} option overrides the @samp{-E} option.

@end table

Note that only one function can be specified with each @code{-e},
@code{-E}, @code{-f} or @code{-F} option.  To specify more than one
function, use multiple options.  For example, this command:

@example
gprof -e boring -f foo -f bar myprogram > gprof.output
@end example

@noindent
lists in the call graph all functions that were reached from either
@code{foo} or @code{bar} and were not reachable from @code{boring}.

@node Symspecs,,Deprecated Options,Invoking
@section Symspecs

Many of the output options allow functions to be included or excluded
using @dfn{symspecs} (symbol specifications), which observe the