c-m68k.texi

基于4个mips核的noc设计

accept Motorola syntax for operands, even if @sc{mit} syntax is used for
other operands in the same instruction.  The two kinds of syntax are
fully compatible.

In the following table @var{apc} stands for any of the address registers
(@samp{%a0} through @samp{%a7}), the program counter (@samp{%pc}), the
zero-address relative to the program counter (@samp{%zpc}), or a
suppressed address register (@samp{%za0} through @samp{%za7}).  The use
of @var{size} means one of @samp{w} or @samp{l}, and it may always be
omitted along with the leading dot.  The use of @var{scale} means one of
@samp{1}, @samp{2}, @samp{4}, or @samp{8}, and it may always be omitted
along with the leading asterisk.

The following additional addressing modes are understood:

@table @dfn
@item Address Register Indirect
@samp{(%a0)} through @samp{(%a7)}@* 
@samp{%a7} is also known as @samp{%sp}, i.e. the Stack Pointer.  @code{%a6}
is also known as @samp{%fp}, the Frame Pointer.

@item Address Register Postincrement
@samp{(%a0)+} through @samp{(%a7)+}

@item Address Register Predecrement
@samp{-(%a0)} through @samp{-(%a7)}

@item Indirect Plus Offset
@samp{@var{number}(@var{%a0})} through @samp{@var{number}(@var{%a7})},
or @samp{@var{number}(@var{%pc})}.

The @var{number} may also appear within the parentheses, as in
@samp{(@var{number},@var{%a0})}.  When used with the @var{pc}, the
@var{number} may be omitted (with an address register, omitting the
@var{number} produces Address Register Indirect mode).

@item Index
@samp{@var{number}(@var{apc},@var{register}.@var{size}*@var{scale})}

The @var{number} may be omitted, or it may appear within the
parentheses.  The @var{apc} may be omitted.  The @var{register} and the
@var{apc} may appear in either order.  If both @var{apc} and
@var{register} are address registers, and the @var{size} and @var{scale}
are omitted, then the first register is taken as the base register, and
the second as the index register.

@item Postindex
@samp{([@var{number},@var{apc}],@var{register}.@var{size}*@var{scale},@var{onumber})}

The @var{onumber}, or the @var{register}, or both, may be omitted.
Either the @var{number} or the @var{apc} may be omitted, but not both.

@item Preindex
@samp{([@var{number},@var{apc},@var{register}.@var{size}*@var{scale}],@var{onumber})}

The @var{number}, or the @var{apc}, or the @var{register}, or any two of
them, may be omitted.  The @var{onumber} may be omitted.  The
@var{register} and the @var{apc} may appear in either order.  If both
@var{apc} and @var{register} are address registers, and the @var{size}
and @var{scale} are omitted, then the first register is taken as the
base register, and the second as the index register.
@end table

@node M68K-Float
@section Floating Point

@cindex floating point, M680x0
@cindex M680x0 floating point
Packed decimal (P) format floating literals are not supported.
Feel free to add the code!

The floating point formats generated by directives are these.

@table @code
@cindex @code{float} directive, M680x0
@item .float
@code{Single} precision floating point constants.

@cindex @code{double} directive, M680x0
@item .double
@code{Double} precision floating point constants.

@cindex @code{extend} directive M680x0
@cindex @code{ldouble} directive M680x0
@item .extend
@itemx .ldouble
@code{Extended} precision (@code{long double}) floating point constants.
@end table

@node M68K-Directives
@section 680x0 Machine Directives

@cindex M680x0 directives
@cindex directives, M680x0
In order to be compatible with the Sun assembler the 680x0 assembler
understands the following directives.

@table @code
@cindex @code{data1} directive, M680x0
@item .data1
This directive is identical to a @code{.data 1} directive.

@cindex @code{data2} directive, M680x0
@item .data2
This directive is identical to a @code{.data 2} directive.

@cindex @code{even} directive, M680x0
@item .even
This directive is a special case of the @code{.align} directive; it
aligns the output to an even byte boundary.

@cindex @code{skip} directive, M680x0
@item .skip
This directive is identical to a @code{.space} directive.
@end table

@need 2000
@node M68K-opcodes
@section Opcodes

@cindex M680x0 opcodes
@cindex opcodes, M680x0
@cindex instruction set, M680x0
@c [e-mail]: I don't see any point in the following
@c                   paragraph.  Bugs are bugs; how does saying this
@c                   help anyone?
@ignore
Danger:  Several bugs have been found in the opcode table (and
fixed).  More bugs may exist.  Be careful when using obscure
instructions.
@end ignore

@menu
* M68K-Branch::                 Branch Improvement
* M68K-Chars::                  Special Characters
@end menu

@node M68K-Branch
@subsection Branch Improvement

@cindex pseudo-opcodes, M680x0
@cindex M680x0 pseudo-opcodes
@cindex branch improvement, M680x0
@cindex M680x0 branch improvement
Certain pseudo opcodes are permitted for branch instructions.
They expand to the shortest branch instruction that reach the
target.  Generally these mnemonics are made by substituting @samp{j} for
@samp{b} at the start of a Motorola mnemonic.

The following table summarizes the pseudo-operations.  A @code{*} flags
cases that are more fully described after the table:

@smallexample
          Displacement
          +------------------------------------------------------------
          |                68020           68000/10, not PC-relative OK
Pseudo-Op |BYTE    WORD    LONG            ABSOLUTE LONG JUMP    **
          +------------------------------------------------------------
     jbsr |bsrs    bsrw    bsrl            jsr
      jra |bras    braw    bral            jmp
*     jXX |bXXs    bXXw    bXXl            bNXs;jmp
*    dbXX | N/A    dbXXw   dbXX;bras;bral  dbXX;bras;jmp
     fjXX | N/A    fbXXw   fbXXl            N/A

XX: condition
NX: negative of condition XX

@end smallexample
@center @code{*}---see full description below
@center @code{**}---this expansion mode is disallowed by @samp{--pcrel}

@table @code
@item jbsr
@itemx jra
These are the simplest jump pseudo-operations; they always map to one
particular machine instruction, depending on the displacement to the
branch target.  This instruction will be a byte or word branch is that
is sufficient.  Otherwise, a long branch will be emitted if available.
If no long branches are available and the @samp{--pcrel} option is not
given, an absolute long jump will be emitted instead.  If no long
branches are available, the @samp{--pcrel} option is given, and a word
branch cannot reach the target, an error message is generated.

In addition to standard branch operands, @code{@value{AS}} allows these
pseudo-operations to have all operands that are allowed for jsr and jmp,
substituting these instructions if the operand given is not valid for a
branch instruction.

@item j@var{XX}
Here, @samp{j@var{XX}} stands for an entire family of pseudo-operations,
where @var{XX} is a conditional branch or condition-code test.  The full
list of pseudo-ops in this family is:
@smallexample
 jhi   jls   jcc   jcs   jne   jeq   jvc
 jvs   jpl   jmi   jge   jlt   jgt   jle
@end smallexample

Usually, each of these pseudo-operations expands to a single branch
instruction.  However, if a word branch is not sufficient, no long branches
are available, and the @samp{--pcrel} option is not given, @code{@value{AS}}
issues a longer code fragment in terms of @var{NX}, the opposite condition
to @var{XX}.  For example, under these conditions:
@smallexample
    j@var{XX} foo
@end smallexample
gives
@smallexample
     b@var{NX}s oof
     jmp foo
 oof:
@end smallexample

@item db@var{XX}
The full family of pseudo-operations covered here is
@smallexample
 dbhi   dbls   dbcc   dbcs   dbne   dbeq   dbvc
 dbvs   dbpl   dbmi   dbge   dblt   dbgt   dble
 dbf    dbra   dbt
@end smallexample

Motorola @samp{db@var{XX}} instructions allow word displacements only.  When
a word displacement is sufficient, each of these pseudo-operations expands
to the corresponding Motorola instruction.  When a word displacement is not
sufficient and long branches are available, when the source reads
@samp{db@var{XX} foo}, @code{@value{AS}} emits
@smallexample
     db@var{XX} oo1
     bras oo2
 oo1:bral foo
 oo2:
@end smallexample

If, however, long branches are not available and the @samp{--pcrel} option is
not given, @code{@value{AS}} emits
@smallexample
     db@var{XX} oo1
     bras oo2
 oo1:jmp foo
 oo2:
@end smallexample

@item fj@var{XX}
This family includes
@smallexample
 fjne   fjeq   fjge   fjlt   fjgt   fjle   fjf
 fjt    fjgl   fjgle  fjnge  fjngl  fjngle fjngt
 fjnle  fjnlt  fjoge  fjogl  fjogt  fjole  fjolt
 fjor   fjseq  fjsf   fjsne  fjst   fjueq  fjuge
 fjugt  fjule  fjult  fjun
@end smallexample

Each of these pseudo-operations always expands to a single Motorola
coprocessor branch instruction, word or long.  All Motorola coprocessor
branch instructions allow both word and long displacements.

@end table

@node M68K-Chars
@subsection Special Characters

@cindex special characters, M680x0
@cindex M680x0 immediate character
@cindex immediate character, M680x0
@cindex M680x0 line comment character
@cindex line comment character, M680x0
@cindex comments, M680x0
The immediate character is @samp{#} for Sun compatibility.  The
line-comment character is @samp{|} (unless the @samp{--bitwise-or}
option is used).  If a @samp{#} appears at the beginning of a line, it
is treated as a comment unless it looks like @samp{# line file}, in
which case it is treated normally.