ihex.c

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/* BFD back-end for Intel Hex objects.
   Copyright 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Ian Lance Taylor of Cygnus Support <[e-mail]>.

This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

/* This is what Intel Hex files look like:

1. INTEL FORMATS

A. Intel 1

   16-bit address-field format, for files 64k bytes in length or less.

   DATA RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon(:)
   2..3		The number of data bytes in hex notation
   4..5		High byte of the record load address
   6..7		Low byte of the record load address
   8..9		Record type, must be "00"
   10..x	Data bytes in hex notation:
	x = (number of bytes - 1) * 2 + 11
   x+1..x+2	Checksum in hex notation
   x+3..x+4	Carriage return, line feed

   END RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon (:)
   2..3		The byte count, must be "00"
   4..7		Transfer-address (usually "0000")
		the jump-to address, execution start address
   8..9		Record type, must be "01"
   10..11	Checksum, in hex notation
   12..13	Carriage return, line feed

B. INTEL 2

   MCS-86 format, using a 20-bit address for files larger than 64K bytes.

   DATA RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon (:)
   2..3		The byte count of this record, hex notation
   4..5		High byte of the record load address
   6..7		Low byte of the record load address
   8..9		Record type, must be "00"
   10..x	The data bytes in hex notation:
	x = (number of data bytes - 1) * 2 + 11
   x+1..x+2	Checksum in hex notation
   x+3..x+4	Carriage return, line feed

   EXTENDED ADDRESS RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon(:)
   2..3		The byte count, must be "02"
   4..7		Load address, must be "0000"
   8..9		Record type, must be "02"
   10..11	High byte of the offset address
   12..13	Low byte of the offset address
   14..15	Checksum in hex notation
   16..17	Carriage return, line feed

   The checksums are the two's complement of the 8-bit sum
   without carry of the byte count, offset address, and the
   record type.

   START ADDRESS RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon (:)
   2..3		The byte count, must be "04"
   4..7		Load address, must be "0000"
   8..9		Record type, must be "03"
   10..13	8086 CS value
   14..17	8086 IP value
   18..19	Checksum in hex notation
   20..21	Carriage return, line feed

Another document reports these additional types:

   EXTENDED LINEAR ADDRESS RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon (:)
   2..3		The byte count, must be "02"
   4..7		Load address, must be "0000"
   8..9		Record type, must be "04"
   10..13	Upper 16 bits of address of subsequent records
   14..15	Checksum in hex notation
   16..17	Carriage return, line feed

   START LINEAR ADDRESS RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon (:)
   2..3		The byte count, must be "02"
   4..7		Load address, must be "0000"
   8..9		Record type, must be "05"
   10..13	Upper 16 bits of start address
   14..15	Checksum in hex notation
   16..17	Carriage return, line feed

The MRI compiler uses this, which is a repeat of type 5:

  EXTENDED START RECORD
   Byte 1	Header = colon (:)
   2..3		The byte count, must be "04"
   4..7		Load address, must be "0000"
   8..9		Record type, must be "05"
   10..13	Upper 16 bits of start address
   14..17	Lower 16 bits of start address
   18..19	Checksum in hex notation
   20..21	Carriage return, line feed
*/

#include "bfd.h"
#include "sysdep.h"
#include "libbfd.h"
#include "libiberty.h"

#include <ctype.h>

static void ihex_init PARAMS ((void));
static boolean ihex_mkobject PARAMS ((bfd *));
static INLINE int ihex_get_byte PARAMS ((bfd *, boolean *));
static void ihex_bad_byte PARAMS ((bfd *, unsigned int, int, boolean));
static boolean ihex_scan PARAMS ((bfd *));
static const bfd_target *ihex_object_p PARAMS ((bfd *));
static boolean ihex_read_section PARAMS ((bfd *, asection *, bfd_byte *));
static boolean ihex_get_section_contents
  PARAMS ((bfd *, asection *, PTR, file_ptr, bfd_size_type));
static boolean ihex_set_section_contents
  PARAMS ((bfd *, asection *, PTR, file_ptr, bfd_size_type));
static boolean ihex_write_record
  PARAMS ((bfd *, bfd_size_type, bfd_vma, unsigned int, bfd_byte *));
static boolean ihex_write_object_contents PARAMS ((bfd *));
static asymbol *ihex_make_empty_symbol PARAMS ((bfd *));
static boolean ihex_set_arch_mach
  PARAMS ((bfd *, enum bfd_architecture, unsigned long));
static int ihex_sizeof_headers PARAMS ((bfd *, boolean));

/* The number of bytes we put on one line during output.  */

#define CHUNK 16

/* Macros for converting between hex and binary. */

#define NIBBLE(x) (hex_value (x))
#define HEX2(buffer) ((NIBBLE ((buffer)[0]) << 4) + NIBBLE ((buffer)[1]))
#define HEX4(buffer) ((HEX2 (buffer) << 8) + HEX2 ((buffer) + 2))
#define ISHEX(x) (hex_p (x))

/* When we write out an ihex value, the values can not be output as
   they are seen.  Instead, we hold them in memory in this structure.  */

struct ihex_data_list
{
  struct ihex_data_list *next;
  bfd_byte *data;
  bfd_vma where;
  bfd_size_type size;
};

/* The ihex tdata information.  */

struct ihex_data_struct
{
  struct ihex_data_list *head;
  struct ihex_data_list *tail;
};

/* Initialize by filling in the hex conversion array.  */

static void
ihex_init ()
{
  static boolean inited;

  if (! inited)
    {
      inited = true;
      hex_init ();
    }
}

/* Create an ihex object.  */

static boolean
ihex_mkobject (abfd)
     bfd *abfd;
{
  if (abfd->tdata.ihex_data == NULL)
    {
      struct ihex_data_struct *tdata;

      tdata = ((struct ihex_data_struct *)
	       bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (struct ihex_data_struct)));
      if (tdata == NULL)
	return false;
      abfd->tdata.ihex_data = tdata;
      tdata->head = NULL;
      tdata->tail = NULL;
    }

  return true;
}

/* Read a byte from a BFD.  Set *ERRORPTR if an error occurred.
   Return EOF on error or end of file.  */

static INLINE int
ihex_get_byte (abfd, errorptr)
     bfd *abfd;
     boolean *errorptr;
{
  bfd_byte c;

  if (bfd_read (&c, 1, 1, abfd) != 1)
    {
      if (bfd_get_error () != bfd_error_file_truncated)
	*errorptr = true;
      return EOF;
    }

  return (int) (c & 0xff);
}

/* Report a problem in an Intel Hex file.  */

static void
ihex_bad_byte (abfd, lineno, c, error)
     bfd *abfd;
     unsigned int lineno;
     int c;
     boolean error;
{
  if (c == EOF)
    {
      if (! error)
	bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
    }
  else
    {
      char buf[10];

      if (! isprint (c))
	sprintf (buf, "\\%03o", (unsigned int) c);
      else
	{
	  buf[0] = c;
	  buf[1] = '\0';
	}
      (*_bfd_error_handler)
	(_("%s:%d: unexpected character `%s' in Intel Hex file\n"),
	 bfd_get_filename (abfd), lineno, buf);
      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
    }
}

/* Read an Intel hex file and turn it into sections.  We create a new
   section for each contiguous set of bytes.  */

static boolean
ihex_scan (abfd)
     bfd *abfd;
{
  bfd_vma segbase;
  bfd_vma extbase;
  asection *sec;
  int lineno;
  boolean error;
  bfd_byte *buf = NULL;
  size_t bufsize;
  int c;

  if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
    goto error_return;

  abfd->start_address = 0;

  segbase = 0;
  extbase = 0;
  sec = NULL;
  lineno = 1;
  error = false;
  bufsize = 0;
  while ((c = ihex_get_byte (abfd, &error)) != EOF)
    {
      if (c == '\r')
	continue;
      else if (c == '\n')
	{
	  ++lineno;
	  continue;
	}
      else if (c != ':')
	{
	  ihex_bad_byte (abfd, lineno, c, error);
	  goto error_return;
	}
      else
	{
	  file_ptr pos;
	  char hdr[8];
	  unsigned int i;
	  unsigned int len;
	  bfd_vma addr;
	  unsigned int type;
	  unsigned int chars;
	  unsigned int chksum;

	  /* This is a data record.  */

	  pos = bfd_tell (abfd) - 1;

	  /* Read the header bytes.  */

	  if (bfd_read (hdr, 1, 8, abfd) != 8)
	    goto error_return;

	  for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	    {
	      if (! ISHEX (hdr[i]))
		{
		  ihex_bad_byte (abfd, lineno, hdr[i], error);
		  goto error_return;
		}
	    }

	  len = HEX2 (hdr);
	  addr = HEX4 (hdr + 2);
	  type = HEX2 (hdr + 6);

	  /* Read the data bytes.  */

	  chars = len * 2 + 2;
	  if (chars >= bufsize)
	    {
	      buf = (bfd_byte *) bfd_realloc (buf, chars);
	      if (buf == NULL)
		goto error_return;
	      bufsize = chars;
	    }

	  if (bfd_read (buf, 1, chars, abfd) != chars)
	    goto error_return;

	  for (i = 0; i < chars; i++)
	    {
	      if (! ISHEX (buf[i]))
		{
		  ihex_bad_byte (abfd, lineno, hdr[i], error);
		  goto error_return;
		}
	    }

	  /* Check the checksum.  */
	  chksum = len + addr + (addr >> 8) + type;
	  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	    chksum += HEX2 (buf + 2 * i);
	  if (((- chksum) & 0xff) != (unsigned int) HEX2 (buf + 2 * i))
	    {
	      (*_bfd_error_handler)
		(_("%s:%d: bad checksum in Intel Hex file (expected %u, found %u)"),
		 bfd_get_filename (abfd), lineno,
		 (- chksum) & 0xff, (unsigned int) HEX2 (buf + 2 * i));
	      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
	      goto error_return;
	    }

	  switch (type)
	    {
	    case 0:
	      /* This is a data record.  */
	      if (sec != NULL
		  && sec->vma + sec->_raw_size == extbase + segbase + addr)
		{
		  /* This data goes at the end of the section we are
                     currently building.  */
		  sec->_raw_size += len;
		}
	      else if (len > 0)
		{
		  char secbuf[20];
		  char *secname;

		  sprintf (secbuf, ".sec%d", bfd_count_sections (abfd) + 1);
		  secname = (char *) bfd_alloc (abfd, strlen (secbuf) + 1);
		  if (secname == NULL)
		    goto error_return;
		  strcpy (secname, secbuf);
		  sec = bfd_make_section (abfd, secname);
		  if (sec == NULL)
		    goto error_return;
		  sec->flags = SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC;
		  sec->vma = extbase + segbase + addr;
		  sec->lma = extbase + segbase + addr;
		  sec->_raw_size = len;
		  sec->filepos = pos;
		}
	      break;

	    case 1:
	      /* An end record.  */
	      if (abfd->start_address == 0)
		abfd->start_address = addr;
	      if (buf != NULL)
		free (buf);
	      return true;

	    case 2:
	      /* An extended address record.  */
	      if (len != 2)
		{
		  (*_bfd_error_handler)
		    (_("%s:%d: bad extended address record length in Intel Hex file"),
		     bfd_get_filename (abfd), lineno);
		  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
		  goto error_return;
		}

	      segbase = HEX4 (buf) << 4;

	      sec = NULL;

	      break;

	    case 3:
	      /* An extended start address record.  */
	      if (len != 4)
		{
		  (*_bfd_error_handler)
		    (_("%s:%d: bad extended start address length in Intel Hex file"),
		     bfd_get_filename (abfd), lineno);
		  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
		  goto error_return;
		}

	      abfd->start_address += (HEX4 (buf) << 4) + HEX4 (buf + 4);

	      sec = NULL;

	      break;

	    case 4:
	      /* An extended linear address record.  */
	      if (len != 2)
		{
		  (*_bfd_error_handler)
		    (_("%s:%d: bad extended linear address record length in Intel Hex file"),
		     bfd_get_filename (abfd), lineno);
		  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
		  goto error_return;
		}

	      extbase = HEX4 (buf) << 16;

	      sec = NULL;

	      break;

	    case 5:
	      /* An extended linear start address record.  */
	      if (len != 2 && len != 4)
		{
		  (*_bfd_error_handler)
		    (_("%s:%d: bad extended linear start address length in Intel Hex file"),
		     bfd_get_filename (abfd), lineno);
		  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
		  goto error_return;
		}

	      if (len == 2)
		abfd->start_address += HEX4 (buf) << 16;
	      else
		abfd->start_address = (HEX4 (buf) << 16) + HEX4 (buf + 4);

	      sec = NULL;

	      break;

	    default:
	      (*_bfd_error_handler)
		(_("%s:%d: unrecognized ihex type %u in Intel Hex file\n"),
		 bfd_get_filename (abfd), lineno, type);
	      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
	      goto error_return;
	    }
	}
    }

  if (error)
    goto error_return;

  if (buf != NULL)
    free (buf);

  return true;

 error_return:
  if (buf != NULL)
    free (buf);
  return false;
}

/* Try to recognize an Intel Hex file.  */

static const bfd_target *
ihex_object_p (abfd)
     bfd *abfd;
{
  bfd_byte b[9];
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int type;

  ihex_init ();