📄 c++ builder 程序设计实用教程 - 9_3_1 进程的概念 - 张晋 - 17xie.htm
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<H3 style="MARGIN: 15pt 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc502915484></A><FONT size=3><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False"
IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc502915484"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>9.3.1</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc502915484"><SPAN lang=EN-US> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc502915484"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程的概念</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></H3>
<P class=MsoNormalIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程是一个应用程序中的一条基本的执行路径，也就是</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Windows</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程中的最小单元。每一个进程都可以访问进程中的所有资源。一个进程是由一个或者多个进程、代码、数据和应用程序在内存中的其他资源组成。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormalIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">典型的应用程序资源是打开的文件和动态分配的内存空间。应用程序在系统调度时将控制权交给它的一个进程，系统调度决定了哪些进程运行以及什么时候运行。在多处理器的计算机上，系统调度可以将单独的进程分配到不同的处理器中来平衡</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">CPU</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">负载。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormalIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程中的每一个进程都是独立的，除非用户似的进程之间可以互相可见，否则进程将独立于进程中的其他进程。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormalIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多进程的优点就是可以使得应用程序中的许多工作可以同时运行，例如在一个长时间的计算过程中，可以允许用户与应用程序交互或者终止计算过程。为此，可以建立一个与用户交互的进程，并为它赋予较高的优先级，而用其他优先级较低的进程去执行一些后台的工作。</SPAN></P>
<P class=a style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG><FONT
size=3>注意：</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=a0 style="MARGIN: 0cm 21.25pt 0pt 42.5pt"><FONT
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