axis.lyx

CNC 的开放码,EMC2 V2.2.8版

\layout Section

Show EMC Status
\layout Standard

AXIS includes a program called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

emctop
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 which shows some of the details of EMC's state.
 You can run this program by invoking 
\noun on 
Machine > Show EMC Status
\layout Standard


\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
collapsed false

\layout Caption

EMC Status Window
\layout Standard
\align center 

\begin_inset Graphics
	filename axis-emctop.png
	width 80page%

\end_inset 


\end_inset 


\layout Standard

The name of each item is shown in the left column.
 The current value is shown in the right column.
 If the value has recently changed, it is shown on a red background.
\layout Section

MDI Interface
\layout Standard

AXIS includes a program called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

mdi
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 which allows text-mode entry of MDI commands to a running EMC session.
 You can run this program by opening a terminal and typing
\layout LyX-Code

mdi /path/to/emc.nml
\layout Standard

Once it is running, it displays the prompt 
\family typewriter 
MDI>
\family default 
.
 When a blank line is entered, the machine's current position is shown.
 When a command is entered, it is sent to EMC to be executed.
 A sample session of MDI is shown in Figure 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{cap:MDI-Session}

\end_inset 

.
\layout LyX-Code


\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
collapsed false

\layout Caption

MDI Session
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{cap:MDI-Session}

\end_inset 


\layout LyX-Code

$ mdi ~/emc2/configs/sim/emc.nml 
\newline 
MDI> 
\newline 
(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
\newline 
MDI> G1 F5 X1
\newline 
MDI> 
\newline 
(0.5928500000000374, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
\newline 
MDI> 
\newline 
(1.0000000000000639, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
\end_inset 


\layout Section

axis-remote
\layout Standard

AXIS includes a program called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

axis-remote
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 which can send certain commands to a running AXIS.
 The available commands are shown by running 
\family typewriter 
axis-remote --help
\family default 
 and include checking whether AXIS is running (
\family typewriter 
--ping
\family default 
), loading a file by name, reloading the currently loaded file (
\family typewriter 
--reload
\family default 
), and making AXIS exit (
\family typewriter 
--quit
\family default 
).
\layout Section

Manual Tool Change
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Manual Tool Change}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Manual-Tool-Change}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

EMC2 includes a userspace hal component called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

hal_manualtoolchange
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

, which shows a window (Figure 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{cap:The-Manual-Toolchange}

\end_inset 

) when a 
\family typewriter 
M6
\family default 
 command is issued.
 After the OK button is pressed, execution of the program will continue.
\layout Standard

The HAL configuration file 
\family typewriter 
configs/sim/axis_manualtoolchange.hal
\family default 
 shows the HAL commands necessary to use this component.
\layout Standard

hal_manualtoolchange can be used even when AXIS is not used as the GUI.
 This component is most useful if you have presettable tools and you use
 the tool table.
\layout Standard


\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
collapsed false

\layout Caption

The Manual Toolchange Window
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{cap:The-Manual-Toolchange}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard
\align center 

\begin_inset Graphics
	filename manualtoolchange.png

\end_inset 


\end_inset 


\layout Section

Python modules 
\layout Standard

AXIS
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{AXIS}

\end_inset 

 includes several Python
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Python}

\end_inset 

 modules which may be useful to others.
 For more information on one of these modules, use 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 


\family typewriter 
pydoc <module name>
\family default 

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 or read the source code.
 These modules include:
\layout Itemize

emc provides access to the EMC command, status, and error channels
\layout Itemize


\family typewriter 
gcode
\family default 
 provides access to the rs274ngc interpreter
\layout Itemize


\family typewriter 
rs274
\family default 
 provides additional tools for working with rs274ngc files
\layout Itemize


\family typewriter 
hal
\family default 
 allows the creation of userspace HAL components written in Python
\layout Itemize


\family typewriter 
_togl
\family default 
 provides an OpenGL widget that can be used in Tkinter applications
\layout Itemize


\family typewriter 
minigl
\family default 
 provides access to the subset of OpenGL used by AXIS
\layout Standard

To use these modules in your own scripts, you must ensure that the directory
 where they reside is on Python's module path.
 When running an installed version of EMC2, this should happen automatically.
 When running 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

in-place
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

, this can be done by using 
\family typewriter 
scripts/emc-environment
\family default 
.
\layout Section

Lathe Mode
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{lathe}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

By including the line 
\layout Quote

LATHE = 1
\layout Standard

in the [DISPLAY] section of the ini file, AXIS selects lathe mode.
 The 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

Y
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 axis is not shown in coordinate readouts, the view is changed to show the
 Z axis extending to the right and the X axis extending towards the bottom
 of the screen, and several controls (such as those for preset views) are
 removed.
\layout Standard

Pressing 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

V
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 zooms out to show the entire file, if one is loaded.
\layout Standard

When in lathe mode, the shape of the loaded tool (if any) is shown.
\layout Standard


\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
collapsed false

\layout Caption

Lathe Mode showing the lathe tool shape
\layout Standard
\align center 

\begin_inset Graphics
	filename axis-lathe-tool.png

\end_inset 


\end_inset 


\layout Section

Advanced Configuration
\layout Subsection

Program Filters
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Program Filters}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

AXIS has the ability to send loaded files through a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

filter program
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

.
 This filter can do any desired task: Something as simple as making sure
 the file ends with '
\family typewriter 
M2
\family default 
', or something as complicated as detecting whether the input is a depth
 image, and generating g-code to mill the shape it defines.
\layout Standard

The 
\family typewriter 
[FILTER]
\family default 
 section of the ini file controls how filters work.
 First, for each type of file, write a 
\family typewriter 
PROGRAM_EXTENSION
\family default 
 line.
 Then, specify the program to execute for each type of file.
 This program is given the name of the input file as its first argument,
 and must write rs274ngc code to standard output.
 This output is what will be displayed in the text area, previewed in the
 display area, and executed by EMC when 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

Run
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

.
 The following lines add support for the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

image-to-gcode
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 converter included with EMC2:
\layout LyX-Code

[FILTER]
\newline 
PROGRAM_EXTENSION = .png,.gif Greyscale Depth Image
\newline 
png = image-to-gcode
\newline 
gif = image-to-gcode
\layout Standard

It is also possible to specify an interpreter:
\layout LyX-Code

PROGRAM_EXTENSION = .py Python Script
\newline 
py = python
\layout Standard

In this way, any Python script can be opened, and its output is treated
 as g-code.
 One such example script is available at 
\family typewriter 
nc_files/holecircle.py
\family default 
.
 This script creates g-code for drilling a series of holes along the circumferen
ce of a circle.
\layout Standard


\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
collapsed false

\layout Caption

Circular Holes
\layout Standard
\align center 

\begin_inset Graphics
	filename holes.png

\end_inset 


\end_inset 


\layout Standard

If the environment variable AXIS_PROGRESS_BAR is set, then lines written
 to stderr of the form
\layout LyX-Code

FILTER_PROGRESS=%d
\layout Standard

will set the AXIS progress bar to the given percentage.
 This feature should be used by any filter that runs for a long time.
\layout Subsection

The X Resource Database
\layout Standard

The colors of most elements of the AXIS user interface can be customized
 through the X Resource Database.
 The sample file 
\family typewriter 
axis_light_background
\family default 
 changes the colors of the backplot window to a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

dark lines on white background
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 scheme, and also serves as a reference for the configurable items in the
 display area.
\layout Standard

For information about the other items which can be configured in Tk applications
, see the Tk manpages.
\layout Standard

Because modern desktop environments automatically make some settings in
 the X Resource Database that adversely affect AXIS, by default these settings
 are ignored.
 To make the X Resource Database items override AXIS defaults, include the
 following line in your X Resources:
\layout LyX-Code

*Axis*optionLevel: widgetDefault
\layout Standard

this causes the built-in options to be created at the option level 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

widgetDefault
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

, so that X Resources (which are level 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

userDefault
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

) can override them.
\layout Subsection


\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Physical-jog-wheels}

\end_inset 

Physical jog wheels
\layout Standard

To improve the interaction of AXIS with physical jog wheels, the axis currently
 selected in the GUI is also reported on a pin with a name like 
\family typewriter 
axisui.jog.x
\family default 
.
 Except for a short time when the active axis has just been changed, exactly
 one of these pins is 
\family typewriter 
TRUE
\family default 
 at one time, and the rest are 
\family typewriter 
FALSE
\family default 
.
\layout Standard

After AXIS has created these HAL pins, it executes the halfile named in
 
\family typewriter 
[HAL]POSTGUI_HALFILE
\family default 
.
 Unlike 
\family typewriter 
[HAL]HALFILE
\family default 
, only one such file may be used.
\layout Subsection

axisrc
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{.axisrc}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

If it exists, the contents of 
\family typewriter 
~/.axisrc
\family default 
 are executed as Python source code just before the AXIS gui is displayed.
 The details of what may be written in the axisrc are subject to change
 during the development cycle.
\layout Standard

The lines shown in Figure 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{cap:Sample-.axisrc-file}

\end_inset 

 add Control-Q as a keyboard shortcut for Quit and turns on 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

Distance to go
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 by default.
\layout Standard


\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
collapsed false

\layout Caption

Sample .axisrc file
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{cap:Sample-.axisrc-file}

\end_inset 


\layout LyX-Code

root_window.bind("<Control-q>", "destroy .")
\newline 
help2.append(("Control-Q", "Quit"))
\newline 
vars.show_distance_to_go.set(1)
\end_inset 


\layout Subsection

External Editor
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{External Editor}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

The menu options File > Edit...
 and File > Edit Tool Table...
 become available after defining the editor in the ini section [DISPLAY].
 Useful values include 
\family typewriter 
EDITOR=gedit
\family default 
 and 
\family typewriter 
EDITOR=gnome-terminal -e vim
\family default 
.
 For more information, see the DISPLAY section of the INI Configuration
 Chapter in the Integrators Manual.
\layout Subsection

Virtual Control Panel
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Virtual Control Panel}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

AXIS can display a custom virtual control panel in the right-hand pane.
 You can program buttons, indicators, data displays and more.
 For more information, see the Integrators Manual.
\layout Subsection

Special Comments
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Special Comments}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Special comments can be inserted into the G Code file to control how the
 preview of AXIS behaves.
 In the case where you want to limit the drawing of the preview use these
 special comments.
 Anything between the (AXIS,hide) and (AXIS,show) will not be drawn during
 the preview.
 Anything after a (AXIS,stop) will not be drawn during the preview.
\layout Itemize

(AXIS,hide) Stops the preview
\layout Itemize

(AXIS,show) Resumes the preview
\layout Itemize

(AXIS, stop) Stops the preview to the end of the file.
\the_end