_rope.h

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  void copy(_CharT* __buffer) const {
    _STLP_STD::_Destroy_Range(__buffer, __buffer + size());
    _S_flatten(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __buffer);
  }

  /*
   * This is the copy function from the standard, but
   * with the arguments reordered to make it consistent with the
   * rest of the interface.
   * Note that this guaranteed not to compile if the draft standard
   * order is assumed.
   */
  size_type copy(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT* __buffer) const {
    size_t _p_size = size();
    size_t __len = (__pos + __n > _p_size? _p_size - __pos : __n);

    _STLP_STD::_Destroy_Range(__buffer, __buffer + __len);
    _S_flatten(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __pos, __len, __buffer);
    return __len;
  }

# ifdef _STLP_DEBUG
  // Print to stdout, exposing structure.  May be useful for
  // performance debugging.
  void dump() {
    _S_dump(_M_tree_ptr._M_data);
  }
# endif

  // Convert to 0 terminated string in new allocated memory.
  // Embedded 0s in the input do not terminate the copy.
  const _CharT* c_str() const;

  // As above, but also use the flattened representation as the
  // the new rope representation.
  const _CharT* replace_with_c_str();

  // Reclaim memory for the c_str generated flattened string.
  // Intentionally undocumented, since it's hard to say when this
  // is safe for multiple threads.
  void delete_c_str () {
    if (0 == _M_tree_ptr._M_data) return;
    if (_RopeRep::_S_leaf == _M_tree_ptr._M_data->_M_tag &&
        ((_RopeLeaf*)_M_tree_ptr._M_data)->_M_data ==
        _M_tree_ptr._M_data->_M_c_string) {
      // Representation shared
      return;
    }
    _M_tree_ptr._M_data->_M_free_c_string();
    _M_tree_ptr._M_data->_M_c_string = 0;
  }

  _CharT operator[] (size_type __pos) const {
    return _S_fetch(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __pos);
  }

  _CharT at(size_type __pos) const {
    if (__pos >= size()) _M_throw_out_of_range();
    return (*this)[__pos];
  }

  const_iterator begin() const {
    return(const_iterator(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, 0));
  }

  // An easy way to get a const iterator from a non-const container.
  const_iterator const_begin() const {
    return(const_iterator(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, 0));
  }

  const_iterator end() const {
    return(const_iterator(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, size()));
  }

  const_iterator const_end() const {
    return(const_iterator(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, size()));
  }

  size_type size() const {
    return(0 == _M_tree_ptr._M_data? 0 : _M_tree_ptr._M_data->_M_size._M_data);
  }

  size_type length() const {
    return size();
  }

  size_type max_size() const {
    return _S_min_len[__ROPE_MAX_DEPTH-1] - 1;
    //  Guarantees that the result can be sufficiently
    //  balanced.  Longer ropes will probably still work,
    //  but it's harder to make guarantees.
  }

  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
    return const_reverse_iterator(end());
  }

  const_reverse_iterator const_rbegin() const {
    return const_reverse_iterator(end());
  }

  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
    return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
  }

  const_reverse_iterator const_rend() const {
    return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
  }
  // The symmetric cases are intentionally omitted, since they're presumed
  // to be less common, and we don't handle them as well.

  // The following should really be templatized.
  // The first argument should be an input iterator or
  // forward iterator with value_type _CharT.
  _Self& append(const _CharT* __iter, size_t __n) {
    _M_reset(_S_destr_concat_char_iter(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __iter, __n));
    return *this;
  }

  _Self& append(const _CharT* __c_string) {
    size_t __len = _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string);
    append(__c_string, __len);
    return *this;
  }

  _Self& append(const _CharT* __s, const _CharT* __e) {
    _M_reset(_S_destr_concat_char_iter(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __s, __e - __s));
    return *this;
  }

  _Self& append(const_iterator __s, const_iterator __e) {
    _STLP_ASSERT(__s._M_root == __e._M_root)
    _STLP_ASSERT(get_allocator() == __s._M_root->get_allocator())
    _Self_destruct_ptr __appendee(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos, __e._M_current_pos));
    _M_reset(_S_concat_rep(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, (_RopeRep*)__appendee));
    return *this;
  }

  _Self& append(_CharT __c) {
    _M_reset(_S_destr_concat_char_iter(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, &__c, 1));
    return *this;
  }

  _Self& append() { return append(_CharT()); }  // XXX why?

  _Self& append(const _Self& __y) {
    _STLP_ASSERT(__y.get_allocator() == get_allocator())
    _M_reset(_S_concat_rep(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __y._M_tree_ptr._M_data));
    return *this;
  }

  _Self& append(size_t __n, _CharT __c) {
    rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __last(__n, __c);
    return append(__last);
  }

  void swap(_Self& __b) {
    _M_tree_ptr.swap(__b._M_tree_ptr);
  }
#if defined (_STLP_USE_PARTIAL_SPEC_WORKAROUND) && !defined (_STLP_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER)
  void _M_swap_workaround(_Self& __x) { swap(__x); }
#endif

protected:
  // Result is included in refcount.
  static _RopeRep* replace(_RopeRep* __old, size_t __pos1,
                           size_t __pos2, _RopeRep* __r) {
    if (0 == __old) { _S_ref(__r); return __r; }
    _Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(__old, 0, __pos1));
    _Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(__old, __pos2, __old->_M_size._M_data));
    _STLP_MPWFIX_TRY  //*TY 06/01/2000 -
    _RopeRep* __result;

    if (0 == __r) {
      __result = _S_concat_rep(__left, __right);
    } else {
      _STLP_ASSERT(__old->get_allocator() == __r->get_allocator())
      _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat_rep(__left, __r));
      __result = _S_concat_rep(__left_result, __right);
    }
    return __result;
    _STLP_MPWFIX_CATCH  //*TY 06/01/2000 -
  }

public:
  void insert(size_t __p, const _Self& __r) {
    if (__p > size()) _M_throw_out_of_range();
    _STLP_ASSERT(get_allocator() == __r.get_allocator())
    _M_reset(replace(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __p, __p, __r._M_tree_ptr._M_data));
  }

  void insert(size_t __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c) {
    rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __r(__n,__c);
    insert(__p, __r);
  }

  void insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n) {
    if (__p > size()) _M_throw_out_of_range();
    _Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, 0, __p));
    _Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __p, size()));
    _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(
                                     _S_concat_char_iter(__left, __i, __n));
    // _S_ destr_concat_char_iter should be safe here.
    // But as it stands it's probably not a win, since __left
    // is likely to have additional references.
    _M_reset(_S_concat_rep(__left_result, __right));
  }

  void insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __c_string) {
    insert(__p, __c_string, _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string));
  }

  void insert(size_t __p, _CharT __c) {
    insert(__p, &__c, 1);
  }

  void insert(size_t __p) {
    _CharT __c = _CharT();
    insert(__p, &__c, 1);
  }

  void insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j) {
    _Self __r(__i, __j);
    insert(__p, __r);
  }

  void insert(size_t __p, const const_iterator& __i,
                          const const_iterator& __j) {
    _Self __r(__i, __j);
    insert(__p, __r);
  }

  void insert(size_t __p, const iterator& __i,
                          const iterator& __j) {
    _Self __r(__i, __j);
    insert(__p, __r);
  }

  // (position, length) versions of replace operations:
  void replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, const _Self& __r) {
    if (__p > size()) _M_throw_out_of_range();
    _M_reset(replace(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __p, __p + __n, __r._M_tree_ptr._M_data));
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
               const _CharT* __i, size_t __i_len) {
    _Self __r(__i, __i_len);
    replace(__p, __n, __r);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c) {
    _Self __r(__c);
    replace(__p, __n, __r);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, const _CharT* __c_string) {
    _Self __r(__c_string);
    replace(__p, __n, __r);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
               const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j) {
    _Self __r(__i, __j);
    replace(__p, __n, __r);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
               const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j) {
    _Self __r(__i, __j);
    replace(__p, __n, __r);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
               const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j) {
    _Self __r(__i, __j);
    replace(__p, __n, __r);
  }

  // Single character variants:
  void replace(size_t __p, _CharT __c) {
    if (__p > size()) _M_throw_out_of_range();
    iterator __i(this, __p);
    *__i = __c;
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, const _Self& __r) {
    replace(__p, 1, __r);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __i_len) {
    replace(__p, 1, __i, __i_len);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __c_string) {
    replace(__p, 1, __c_string);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j) {
    replace(__p, 1, __i, __j);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, const const_iterator& __i,
                           const const_iterator& __j) {
    replace(__p, 1, __i, __j);
  }

  void replace(size_t __p, const iterator& __i,
                           const iterator& __j) {
    replace(__p, 1, __i, __j);
  }

  // Erase, (position, size) variant.
  void erase(size_t __p, size_t __n) {
    if (__p > size()) _M_throw_out_of_range();
    _M_reset(replace(_M_tree_ptr._M_data, __p, __p + __n, 0));
  }

  // Erase, single character
  void erase(size_t __p) {
    erase(__p, __p + 1);
  }

  // Insert, iterator variants.
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p, const _Self& __r)
  { insert(__p.index(), __r); return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c)
  { insert(__p.index(), __n, __c); return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
  { insert(__p.index(), __c); return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p )
  { insert(__p.index()); return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* c_string)
  { insert(__p.index(), c_string); return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
  { insert(__p.index(), __i, __n); return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i,
                  const _CharT* __j)
  { insert(__p.index(), __i, __j);  return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p,
                  const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
  { insert(__p.index(), __i, __j); return __p; }
  iterator insert(const iterator& __p,
                  const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
  { insert(__p.index(), __i, __j); return __p; }

  // Replace, range variants.
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
               const _Self& __r)
  { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __r); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q, _CharT __c)
  { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
               const _CharT* __c_string)
  { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c_string); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
               const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
  { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __n); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
               const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
  { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
               const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
  { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
               const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
  { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }

  // Replace, iterator variants.
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const _Self& __r)
  { replace(__p.index(), __r); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
  { replace(__p.index(), __c); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
  { replace(__p.index(), __c_string); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
  { replace(__p.index(), __i, __n); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
  { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, const_iterator __i,
               const_iterator __j)
  { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
  void replace(const iterator& __p, iterator __i, iterator __j)
  { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }

  // Iterator and ran