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📁 Visual C++面向对象程序设计教程(配套习题资源)
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<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="position: absolute; left: 4; top: -8"><img border="0" src="1.gif" width="63" height="70"></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 0; margin: 0" class="右标题" align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                   
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="background-color: #CCFF99">第 2 章</span><span style="background-color: #CCFF99">&nbsp;                  
</span>&gt;<span style="background-color: #CCFF99"> 第 1 节 </span>&gt;<span style="background-color: #CCFF99"> 
2.1 基本结构与控制语句(1)</span></p>          
<hr color="#008000" size="1">

<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="??ì?,SimSun" lang="ZH-CN" size="2">1.        
程序设计的三种基本结构分别为:顺序结构、选择结构、循环结构,这三种基本结构是程序设计的基础。</font></p>

<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>

<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="??ì?,SimSun" lang="ZH-CN" size="2">2.        
</font><font size="2">if</font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><font size="2">语句</font></p>

</font>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;        
(1)简单if<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句的语法格式为:</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">&nbsp;       
<span style="position: absolute; left: 509; top: 145"><img border="0" src="right24.gif" width="135" height="73"></span></font></p>
<b>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</font>
</b>
<font size="2">if(<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">条件表达式</font>)</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;        
{</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;    
语句序列</font>1;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;        
}</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;        
else</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;        
{</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;    
语句序列</font>2;</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;        
}</font></p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">含义:如果条件表达式为真,则执行语句序列</font>1<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">,否则执行语句序列</font>2<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">。</font></font></p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font lang="ZH-CN" size="2" face="??ì?,SimSun">&nbsp;&nbsp;       
(2)<font LANG="ZH-CN">if语句的嵌套</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">if       
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句内还可以使用</font>if<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句,这样就构成了</font>if<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句的嵌套。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example2-4.htm">【例</a></font><a href="example2-4.htm">2-4<font LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font LANG="ZH-CN">输入三个整数,输出最大数。</font></font></p>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 5; margin-bottom: 5"></font><font color="#FF6600"><u><font LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">注意:如果没有</font></u><font size="2"><font LANG="ZH-CN"><u>大括号对,</u></font><u>else<font LANG="ZH-CN">与最近的第一个没有配对的且为可见的</font>if<font LANG="ZH-CN">配对。</font></u></font></font></p>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">例如:</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
if(a==0)</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
p=0; //<font LANG="ZH-CN">如果</font>a<font LANG="ZH-CN">等于</font>0<font LANG="ZH-CN">时,</font>p<font LANG="ZH-CN">的值为</font>0</font></p>    
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
if (a&lt;0) //<font LANG="ZH-CN">如果</font>a<font LANG="ZH-CN">小于</font>0<font LANG="ZH-CN">时,</font>p<font LANG="ZH-CN">的值为</font>-1</font></p>    
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
p=-1;</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
else</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
p=1; //<font LANG="ZH-CN">由于</font>else<font LANG="ZH-CN">和</font>if<font LANG="ZH-CN">配对,因此当</font>a<font LANG="ZH-CN">大于或等于</font>0<font LANG="ZH-CN">时,</font>p<font LANG="ZH-CN">的值为</font>1</font></p>    
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">3.     
条件运算符与条件表达式</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;     
语法格式为:</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 5; margin-bottom: 5"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
(<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">条件表达式</font>)? (<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">条件为真时的表达式</font>1):     
(<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">条件为假时的表达式</font>2)</font></p>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">例如:</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">cout     
&lt;&lt;('A'&lt;=ch &amp;&amp; ch&lt;='Z')? ('a'+ch-'A'): ch</font></p>    
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">结果是输出一个小写字母。</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">4.     
switch<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
<span style="position: absolute; left: 436; top: 609"><img border="0" src="right23.gif" width="295" height="107"></span></font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 5; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
switch(<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">表达式</font>)</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
{</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
case <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">常量表达式</font>1: <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句组</font>1;</font></p>    
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
case <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">常量表达式</font>2: <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句组</font>2;</font></p>    
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
…</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
case <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">常量表达式</font>n: <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句组</font>n;</font></p>    
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
default: <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句组</font>n+1;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></font><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>    
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 20; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 5"><font size="2" color="#008000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     
}</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example2-5.htm">【例</a></font><a href="example2-5.htm">2-5<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">根据学生成绩输出优、良、中、及格和不及格。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">说明:</font></p>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">①</font> 
switch<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">后面的表达式一般只能是整型、字符型或枚举类型。</font>case<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">后面的常量必须与常量表达式类型匹配。</font></font></p>    
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">②</font> 
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">当表达式的值与某一个</font>case<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">后面的常量表达式相等时,就执行此</font>case<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">后面的语句,若没有匹配的常量表达式,就执行</font>default<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">后面的语句。</font></font></p>  
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">③</font> 
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">每一个常量表达式的值都是惟一的,即常量表达式不能重复出现。</font></font></p>  
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">④</font> 
case<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">后面的语句结束时,会执行下一个</font>case<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">后面的语句,即多个</font>case<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">可以共用一组执行语句。因此,若要跳到</font>switch<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句外面,必须借助</font>break<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">语句。</font></font></p>  

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