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📁 Visual C++面向对象程序设计教程(配套习题资源)
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<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 0; margin: 0" class="右标题" align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                         
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="background-color: #CCFF99">第 3 章</span><span style="background-color: #CCFF99">&nbsp;                       
</span>&gt;<span style="background-color: #CCFF99"> 第 3 节 </span>&gt;<span style="background-color: #CCFF99"> 
3.3 对象</span></p>          
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<p style="line-height: 100%; text-indent: 0; margin: 0" class="右标题" align="left"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">类是数据类型,用类定义的变量或实例称为对象,对象分配一定的地址空间,并有相应的属性和行为。</font></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0; margin: 0" align="left"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">1.  
对象的定义</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">定义对象的格式为:</font></p>
<blockquote>
  <blockquote>
    <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">类名</font> 
    <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">对象</font>1, <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">对象</font>2,  
    <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">…</font>;</font></p>
  </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">例如:下面定义类</font>Cdate<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">的几个对象。</font></font></p>
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  <blockquote>
    <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">Cdate  
    date1,date2,*pdate,date[3],&amp;rdate=date1;</font></p>
  </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<font SIZE="3">
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">这里</font>date1<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">和</font>date2<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">是普通类对象;</font>pdate<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">是一个指向对象的指针变量;</font>date[3]<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">定义了三个数组变量,每个变量都是</font>Cdate<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">类型;</font>rdate<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">是对象</font>date1<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">的一个引用,它是</font>date1<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">的别名。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">2.  
对象的访问</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">(1)  
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">访问对象成员</font></font></p>
<blockquote>
  <blockquote>
    <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">对象名</font>.<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">成员名</font> 
    //<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">用来访问数据成员</font></font></p> 
  </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">或者</font></p>
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  <blockquote>
    <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">对象名</font>.<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">成员名</font>(<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">参数表</font>)  
    //<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">用来访问成员函数</font></font></p>
  </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">(2)<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">用指针访问对象成员&nbsp;</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<blockquote>
  <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="??ì?,SimSun" lang="ZH-CN" size="2">&nbsp; 
  </font><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">对象指针名</font>-&gt;</font></p>
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<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">或者</font></p>
<blockquote>
  <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2" color="#008000"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b> 
  *</font><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">对象指针名</font>.<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"></font></font></p> 
</blockquote>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">(3)</font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">用引用传递访问对象成员&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="??ì?,SimSun" lang="ZH-CN" size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</font><font size="2" color="#008000"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">引用名</font>.<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"></font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" color="#FF6600" size="2">注意:</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#FF6600"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">①  
</font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">“</font>.<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">”用于对象与成员之间,“</font>::<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">”用于类与其成员之间。</font></font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#FF6600"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">②  
</font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">对象中的保护(</font>protected<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">)成员和私有(</font>private<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">)成员是不允许被非成员函数直接访问的,这称为类的封装性。</font></font></font></p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example3-4.htm" target="_blank">【例</a></font><a href="example3-4.htm" target="_blank">3-4<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">指出下面程序的输出结果。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">3.  

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