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<span style="background-color: #CCFF99">第 13 章</span><span style="background-color: #CCFF99">
</span>><span style="background-color: #CCFF99"> 第 1 节 </span>><span style="background-color: #CCFF99">
13.1 键盘</span></p>
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<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0; margin: 0" class="右标题" align="left"><font size="2"><font LANG="ZH-CN">当用户按下或释放一个键时，键盘驱动程序</font>KEYBOARD.DRV<font LANG="ZH-CN">中的键盘中断处理程序对所按键进行编码，并调用</font>Windows<font LANG="ZH-CN">的用户模块</font>USER.EXE<font LANG="ZH-CN">中的有关程序来生成键盘消息，最终发送到应用程序的消息队列中等待处理，而处理这些消息则是由应用程序的窗口过程来具体完成的。</font></font></p>
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<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">1.
<font LANG="ZH-CN">基本概念</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(1)
输入焦点</font></p>
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<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font LANG="ZH-CN">一般情况下一个应用程序有多个窗口，而键盘消息只能被一个窗口接收，接收键盘消息的窗口称为有“输入焦点”的窗口，具有输入焦点的窗口称为活动窗口。当某一个窗口成为活动窗口时，</font>Windows<font LANG="ZH-CN">会加亮显示其标题栏或窗口边框。</font></font></p>
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<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 5; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font LANG="ZH-CN">窗口函数通过捕获</font>WM_SETFOCUS<font LANG="ZH-CN">和</font>WM_KILLFOCUS<font LANG="ZH-CN">消息以确定当前窗口是否具有输入焦点。</font>WM_SETFOCUS<font LANG="ZH-CN">表明窗口具有输入焦点，</font>WM_KILLFOCUS<font LANG="ZH-CN">表明窗口正失去输入焦点。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 5; margin-bottom: 0"><font LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(2)
虚拟码</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font LANG="ZH-CN">扫描码是与设备有关的键的标识；而虚拟码是由</font>Windows<font LANG="ZH-CN">系统定义的与设备无关的键的标识，它的值存放在键盘消息的</font>wParam<font LANG="ZH-CN">参数中，用以标识哪一个键被按下或释放，常用的虚拟码如<a href="table13-1.htm">表</a></font><a href="table13-1.htm">13-1</a><font LANG="ZH-CN">所示。</font></font></p>
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<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">2.
<font LANG="ZH-CN">键盘消息</font></font></p>
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<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font LANG="ZH-CN">键盘消息可以分成两类，即按键消息和字符消息。每当用户按下或松开一个键时，就产生了一个按键消息。当一个按键的组合产生了一个可以显示的字符时，就产生了一个字符消息。</font></font></p>
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<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">1.
按键消息</font></p>
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<td width="95" valign="top" style="border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: .5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="center">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分类<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<td width="76" valign="top" style="mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: .5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="center">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">按键<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<td width="255" valign="top" style="mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: .5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="center">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">产生消息<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">处理程序<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">系统按键消息<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">输入键</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">+Alt<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">WM_SYSTEMDOWN<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>WM_SYSTEMUP<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Windows
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">系统处理<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">非系统按键消息<u1:p>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></p>
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