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📁 Visual C++面向对象程序设计教程(配套习题资源)
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</font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">几乎所有的运算符都可用作重载。</font><font color="#FF6600">但</font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">下列运算符不允许重载:</font> 
<font size="2" color="#FF6600">.&nbsp; *<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">(指针运算符)</font>  
::&nbsp;&nbsp; ?:&nbsp;&nbsp; sizeof</font></p> 
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(3)  
运算符重载后,运算符的优先级和结合性不变</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="??ì?,SimSun" lang="ZH-CN" size="2">(</font><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">4)  
编译程序对运算符函数的选择,</font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">遵循着函数重载的选择原则。</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="??ì?,SimSun" lang="ZH-CN" size="2">(</font><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">5)  
重载运算符</font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">不可臆造新的运算符;重载运算符坚持</font>4<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">个“不能改变”。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">2.  
运算符重载的形式</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(1)  
重载为类的成员函数</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2"><a href="example5-0.htm" target="_blank">引例</a>。</font><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">重载为类的成员函数的语法格式:</font></p>
<blockquote>
  <blockquote>
    <blockquote>
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">类名</font> 
      operator <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">运算符</font>(&lt;<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">参数表</font>&gt;)</font></p> 
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2">{</font></p>
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2">…</font></p>
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2">}</font></p>
    </blockquote>
  </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">其中,</font><b><font color="#008000">operator</font></b><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">是定义运算符重载函数的关键字。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example5-3.htm" target="_blank">【例</a></font><a href="example5-3.htm" target="_blank">5-3<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">定义一个</font>Time<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">类用来保存时间(时、分、秒),通过重载操作符“</font>+<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">”实现两个时间的相加。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">说明:</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">重载为成员函数时,总是隐含了一个参数,该参数是</font>this<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">指针。</font>this<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">指针是指向调用该成员函数对象的指针。这样,双目运算符仅有一个参数。对单目运算符,重载为成员函数时,不能再显式说明参数。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(2)  
重载为友元函数</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">重载为友元函数的语法格式:</font></p>
<blockquote>
  <blockquote>
    <blockquote>
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2">friend  
      <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">类型说明符</font> operator <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">运算符</font>(<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">参数表</font>)</font></p> 
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2">{</font></p>
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2">…</font></p>
      <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#008000" size="2">}</font></p>
    </blockquote>
  </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">说明:</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">运算符重载函数还可以为友元函数。当重载友元函数时,将没有隐含的参数</font>this<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">指针。这样,对双目运算符,友元函数有</font>2<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">个参数,对单目运算符,友元函数有一个参数。但是,有些运行符不能重载为友元函数,它们是:“</font>=<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">”,“</font>(  
)<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">”,“</font>[]<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">”和“</font>-&gt;<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">”。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example5-4.htm" target="_blank">【例</a></font><a href="example5-4.htm" target="_blank">5-4<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">用友元函数形式重写例</font>5-3<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(3)  
两种重载形式的比较</font></p>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">一般说来,单目运算符最好被重载为成员函数;双目运算符最好被重载为友元函数,但是有的双目运算符还是重载为成员函数为好,例如赋值运算符,因为它如果被重载为友元函数,将会出现与赋值语义不一致的地方。</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2">3.  
</font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><font size="2">其他运算符的重载举例</font></p>
</font>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(1) 
下标运算符重载</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example5-5.htm" target="_blank">【例</a></font><a href="example5-5.htm" target="_blank">5-5<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">下标运算符举例。</font></font></p> 
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(2)  
重载增1减1运算符&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font size="2"><font face="oúì?,SimHei" lang="ZH-CN">&nbsp; 
</font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example5-6.htm" target="_blank">【例</a></font><a href="example5-6.htm" target="_blank">5-6<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">重载增</font>1<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">减</font>1<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">运算符的应用。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN" size="2">(3)  
重载函数调用运算符&nbsp; </font><font size="2"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN"><a href="example5-7.htm" target="_blank">【例</a></font><a href="example5-7.htm" target="_blank">5-7<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">】</font></a><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">函数调用运算符的重载。</font></font></p> 

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