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FDC help: VOR example
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<h2>
The radio-navigation system <i>VOR example</i>
</h2>
<p>The system <i>VOR example</i> from the library <i><a href=
"navlib.htm">NAVLIB</a></i> contains a demonstration of the practical use
of the VOR blocks. First, the nominal signals are computed in the block
<i><a href="vor.htm">VOR</a></i>, then, the steady-state error in the VOR
signal is taken into account in the block <i><a href=
"vorerr.htm">VORerr</a></i>.</p>
<p>Double-click the subsystem block <i>VOR
example</i> to see its internal structure. The blocks <i>VOR</i> and
<i>VORerr</i> need to be double-clicked too in order to specify
their parameters. </p>
<p>A slightly altered version of this block (which uses somewhat different
I/O definitions) is used by the systems <i><a href="apilot.htm#APILOT2">APILOT2</a></i>
and <i><a href="apilot.htm#APILOT3">APILOT3</a></i>.</p>
<h3>
Inputvector: <i>x</i>
</h3>
<pre>
x = [V alpha beta p q r psi theta phi xe ye H]' (aircraft states)
{V : airspeed [m/s] }
{alpha: angle of attack [rad] }
{beta : sideslip angle [rad] }
{p : roll rate [rad/s] }
{q : pitch rate [rad/s] }
{r : yaw rate [rad/s] }
psi : yaw angle [rad]
{theta: pitch angle [rad] }
{phi : roll angle [rad] }
xe : x-coordinate in Earth-fixed reference frame [m]
ye : y-coordinate [m]
H : altitude above sea-level [m]
</pre>
When applied to an autopilot simulation model, these input variables are
usually <i>outputs</i> from a non-linear aircraft model. The block <i><a
href="vor.htm">VOR</a></i> which computes the nominal values of the VOR
signals does <i>not</i> give correct results if a small-deviations model is
used for the aircraft dynamics! Open the <i><a href="beaver.htm">Beaver</a></i>
system for an example of such a non-linear aircraft model.
<h3>
Output: <i>Gamma_VOR</i>
</h3>
<pre>
Gamma_VOR: Angle between the selected VOR-bearing and the line
from the aircraft's center of gravity to the VOR antenna [rad]
</pre>
During simulations, the time-trajectories of the VOR signals and some
interim results from the block <i>VOR</i> are sent to the matrix
<i>yvor</i> in the Matlab workspace. Each row from this matrix corresponds
with the vector <i>yvor_workspace</i> at a certain time <i>t</i>, according
the following definition:
<pre>
yvor_workspace = [yvor1; yvor2; yvor3; yvor4]'
yvor1 = Gamma_VOR
yvor2 = R_VOR
yvor3 = [Cone-of-silence-flag, Range-flag]'.
yvor4 = ToFrom
Gamma_VOR : Angle between selected VOR-bearing and line from the
aircraft's c.g. to the VOR antenna [rad]
R_VOR : 2D-distance from origin of Earth-fixed reference
frame to VOR (as seen from above) [m]
</pre>
<p>The Cone-of-silence-flag is set to 1 if the aircraft enters the 'cone
of silence'. The Range-flag is set to 1 if the aircraft flies outside
the area where the VOR signals can be received with appropriate
reliability.</p>
<p>The variable <i>ToFrom</i> is set to 1 if aircraft is flying towards the
VOR antenna or 0 if the aircraft flies away from the antenna.</p>
<p>For more info about the definitions of the variables, consult the FDC user-manual.</p>
<h3>
<a name="References">References</a>
</h3>
<p>For more information about the <i>VOR</i> model, consult the FDC user-manual, and/or:</p>
<ol>
<li>
M.O. Rauw: <i>A Simulink environment for Flight Dynamics and Control
analysis - Application to the DHC-2 'Beaver'</i>. MSc-thesis,
Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering,
Delft, The Netherlands, 1993.
</li>
</ol>
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