tar.texi

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\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@comment %**start of header
@setfilename tar.info
@include version.texi
@settitle GNU tar @value{VERSION}
@setchapternewpage odd

@finalout

@smallbook
@c %**end of header

@c Maintenance notes:
@c  1. Pay attention to @FIXME{}s and @UNREVISED{}s
@c  2. Before creating final variant:
@c    2.1. Run `make check-options' to make sure all options are properly
@c         documented;
@c    2.2. Run `make master-menu' (see comment before the master menu).

@include rendition.texi
@include value.texi

@defcodeindex op

@c Put everything in one index (arbitrarily chosen to be the concept index).
@syncodeindex fn cp
@syncodeindex ky cp
@syncodeindex pg cp
@syncodeindex vr cp

@copying

This manual is for @acronym{GNU} @command{tar} (version
@value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}), which creates and extracts files
from archives.

Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001,
2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.  A copy of the license
is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to
copy and modify this GNU manual.  Buying copies from the FSF
supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
@end quotation
@end copying

@dircategory Archiving
@direntry
* Tar: (tar).                   Making tape (or disk) archives.
@end direntry

@dircategory Individual utilities
@direntry
* tar: (tar)tar invocation.                     Invoking @GNUTAR{}.
@end direntry

@shorttitlepage @acronym{GNU} @command{tar}

@titlepage
@title @acronym{GNU} tar: an archiver tool
@subtitle @value{RENDITION} @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
@author John Gilmore, Jay Fenlason et al.

@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying
@end titlepage

@ifnottex
@node Top
@top @acronym{GNU} tar: an archiver tool

@insertcopying

@cindex file archival
@cindex archiving files

The first part of this master menu lists the major nodes in this Info
document.  The rest of the menu lists all the lower level nodes.
@end ifnottex

@c The master menu goes here.
@c
@c NOTE: To update it from within Emacs, make sure mastermenu.el is
@c loaded and run texinfo-master-menu.
@c To update it from the command line, run
@c
@c    make master-menu

@menu
* Introduction::
* Tutorial::
* tar invocation::
* operations::
* Backups::
* Choosing::
* Date input formats::
* Formats::
* Media::

Appendices

* Changes::
* Configuring Help Summary::
* Fixing Snapshot Files::
* Tar Internals::
* Genfile::
* Free Software Needs Free Documentation::
* Copying This Manual::
* Index of Command Line Options::
* Index::

@detailmenu
 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---

Introduction

* Book Contents::               What this Book Contains
* Definitions::                 Some Definitions
* What tar Does::               What @command{tar} Does
* Naming tar Archives::         How @command{tar} Archives are Named
* Authors::                     @GNUTAR{} Authors
* Reports::                     Reporting bugs or suggestions

Tutorial Introduction to @command{tar}

* assumptions::
* stylistic conventions::
* basic tar options::           Basic @command{tar} Operations and Options
* frequent operations::
* Two Frequent Options::
* create::                      How to Create Archives
* list::                        How to List Archives
* extract::                     How to Extract Members from an Archive
* going further::

Two Frequently Used Options

* file tutorial::
* verbose tutorial::
* help tutorial::

How to Create Archives

* prepare for examples::
* Creating the archive::
* create verbose::
* short create::
* create dir::

How to List Archives

* list dir::

How to Extract Members from an Archive

* extracting archives::
* extracting files::
* extract dir::
* extracting untrusted archives::
* failing commands::

Invoking @GNUTAR{}

* Synopsis::
* using tar options::
* Styles::
* All Options::
* help::
* defaults::
* verbose::
* checkpoints::
* interactive::

The Three Option Styles

* Long Options::                Long Option Style
* Short Options::               Short Option Style
* Old Options::                 Old Option Style
* Mixing::                      Mixing Option Styles

All @command{tar} Options

* Operation Summary::
* Option Summary::
* Short Option Summary::

@GNUTAR{} Operations

* Basic tar::
* Advanced tar::
* create options::
* extract options::
* backup::
* Applications::
* looking ahead::

Advanced @GNUTAR{} Operations

* Operations::
* append::
* update::
* concatenate::
* delete::
* compare::

How to Add Files to Existing Archives: @option{--append}

* appending files::             Appending Files to an Archive
* multiple::

Updating an Archive

* how to update::

Options Used by @option{--create}

* override::                  Overriding File Metadata.
* Ignore Failed Read::

Options Used by @option{--extract}

* Reading::                     Options to Help Read Archives
* Writing::                     Changing How @command{tar} Writes Files
* Scarce::                      Coping with Scarce Resources

Options to Help Read Archives

* read full records::
* Ignore Zeros::

Changing How @command{tar} Writes Files

* Dealing with Old Files::
* Overwrite Old Files::
* Keep Old Files::
* Keep Newer Files::
* Unlink First::
* Recursive Unlink::
* Data Modification Times::
* Setting Access Permissions::
* Directory Modification Times and Permissions::
* Writing to Standard Output::
* Writing to an External Program::
* remove files::

Coping with Scarce Resources

* Starting File::
* Same Order::

Performing Backups and Restoring Files

* Full Dumps::                  Using @command{tar} to Perform Full Dumps
* Incremental Dumps::           Using @command{tar} to Perform Incremental Dumps
* Backup Levels::               Levels of Backups
* Backup Parameters::           Setting Parameters for Backups and Restoration
* Scripted Backups::            Using the Backup Scripts
* Scripted Restoration::        Using the Restore Script

Setting Parameters for Backups and Restoration

* General-Purpose Variables::
* Magnetic Tape Control::
* User Hooks::
* backup-specs example::        An Example Text of @file{Backup-specs}

Choosing Files and Names for @command{tar}

* file::                        Choosing the Archive's Name
* Selecting Archive Members::
* files::                       Reading Names from a File
* exclude::                     Excluding Some Files
* wildcards::                   Wildcards Patterns and Matching
* quoting styles::              Ways of Quoting Special Characters in Names
* transform::                   Modifying File and Member Names
* after::                       Operating Only on New Files
* recurse::                     Descending into Directories
* one::                         Crossing File System Boundaries

Reading Names from a File

* nul::

Excluding Some Files

* problems with exclude::

Wildcards Patterns and Matching

* controlling pattern-matching::

Crossing File System Boundaries

* directory::                   Changing Directory
* absolute::                    Absolute File Names

Date input formats

* General date syntax::            Common rules.
* Calendar date items::            19 Dec 1994.
* Time of day items::              9:20pm.
* Time zone items::                @sc{est}, @sc{pdt}, @sc{gmt}.
* Day of week items::              Monday and others.
* Relative items in date strings:: next tuesday, 2 years ago.
* Pure numbers in date strings::   19931219, 1440.
* Seconds since the Epoch::        @@1078100502.
* Specifying time zone rules::     TZ="America/New_York", TZ="UTC0".
* Authors of get_date::            Bellovin, Eggert, Salz, Berets, et al.

Controlling the Archive Format

* Compression::                 Using Less Space through Compression
* Attributes::                  Handling File Attributes
* Portability::                 Making @command{tar} Archives More Portable
* cpio::                        Comparison of @command{tar} and @command{cpio}

Using Less Space through Compression

* gzip::                        Creating and Reading Compressed Archives
* sparse::                      Archiving Sparse Files

Making @command{tar} Archives More Portable

* Portable Names::              Portable Names
* dereference::                 Symbolic Links
* hard links::                  Hard Links
* old::                         Old V7 Archives
* ustar::                       Ustar Archives
* gnu::                         GNU and old GNU format archives.
* posix::                       @acronym{POSIX} archives
* Checksumming::                Checksumming Problems
* Large or Negative Values::    Large files, negative time stamps, etc.
* Other Tars::                  How to Extract GNU-Specific Data Using
                                Other @command{tar} Implementations

@GNUTAR{} and @acronym{POSIX} @command{tar}

* PAX keywords:: Controlling Extended Header Keywords.

How to Extract GNU-Specific Data Using Other @command{tar} Implementations

* Split Recovery::       Members Split Between Volumes
* Sparse Recovery::      Sparse Members

Tapes and Other Archive Media