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<TITLE>Converting Between Strings (Unicode) and Other Character Set Encodings (Java Developers Almanac Example)
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    <B><A HREF="../java.nio.charset/pkg.html">java.nio.charset</A></B><font color="#666666" class="xsmall-font">
        &nbsp;[2 examples]
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  <h3>e186. Converting Between Strings (Unicode) and Other Character Set Encodings</h3>

Many network protocols and files store their characters with a
byte-oriented character set such as ISO-8859-1 (ISO-Latin-1).
However, Java's native character encoding is Unicode.

<P> This example demonstrates how to convert ISO-8859-1 encoded
bytes in a <code>ByteBuffer</code> to a string in a <code>CharBuffer</code> and visa versa.


<pre>    // Create the encoder and decoder for ISO-8859-1
    Charset charset = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
    CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
    CharsetEncoder encoder = charset.newEncoder();
    
    try {
        // Convert a string to ISO-LATIN-1 bytes in a ByteBuffer
        // The new ByteBuffer is ready to be read.
        ByteBuffer bbuf = encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(<font color="#0066ff"><i>"a string"</i></font>));
    
        // Convert ISO-LATIN-1 bytes in a ByteBuffer to a character ByteBuffer and then to a string.
        // The new ByteBuffer is ready to be read.
        CharBuffer cbuf = decoder.decode(bbuf);
        String s = cbuf.toString();
    } catch (CharacterCodingException e) {
    }
</pre>

In the example above, the encoding and decoding methods created new
<code>ByteBuffer</code>s into which to encode or decoding the data.  Moreover,
the newly allocated <code>ByteBuffer</code>s are non-direct
(<a href="../java.nio/IsDirect.html" class="eglink"><b>e168</b> Determining If a ByteBuffer Is Direct</a>).  The encoder and decoder provide
methods that use a supplied <code>ByteBuffer</code> rather than create one.
Here's an example that uses these methods:


<pre>    // Create a direct ByteBuffer.
    // This buffer will be used to send and recieve data from channels.
    ByteBuffer bbuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(<font color="#0066ff"><i>1024</i></font>);
    
    // Create a non-direct character ByteBuffer
    CharBuffer cbuf = CharBuffer.allocate(<font color="#0066ff"><i>1024</i></font>);
    
    // Convert characters in cbuf to bbuf
    encoder.encode(cbuf, bbuf, false);
    
    // flip bbuf before reading from it
    bbuf.flip();
    
    // Convert bytes in bbuf to cbuf
    decoder.decode(bbuf, cbuf, false);
    
    // flip cbuf before reading from it
    cbuf.flip();
</pre>
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            &nbsp;<b>Related Examples</b></font></td>
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e185. <a class="eglink" href="ShowAll.html?l=rel">
    Listing All Available Unicode to Character Set Converters
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