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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX --><title>Password Formats - Apache HTTP Server</title><link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /><link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /><link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head><body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"><p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p><p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p><img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div><div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div><div id="path"><a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Password Formats</h1><div class="toplang"><p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a></p></div> <p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by Apache.</p> </div><div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li></ul></div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2> <p>There are four formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p> <dl> <dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt> <dd>Windows, BEOS, & Netware only.</dd> <dt>CRYPT</dt> <dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8 characters of the password.</dd> <dt>SHA1</dt> <dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password.</dd> <dt>MD5</dt> <dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr-util/trunk/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=markup">apr_md5.c</a> for the details of the algorithm.</dd> </dl> <h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3> <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> $ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br /> myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/ </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code> $ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br /> myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE= </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> $ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br /> myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA </code></p></div> <h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL command-line program</h3> <p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p> <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> $ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br /> $apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0 </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br /> qQ5vTYO3c8dsU </code></p></div> <h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command line program</h3> <p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against <code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p> <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> $ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br /> Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br /> rqXexS6ZhobKA </code></p></div> <p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of <code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p> <p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against <code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p> <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> $ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br /> $apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/ </code></p></div> <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3> <p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p> <p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various languages:</p> <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code> '{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE)) </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code> "{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes())) </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code> "{SHA}" & ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex")) </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code> require 'digest/sha1'<br /> require 'base64'<br /> '{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password)) </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code> Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64 </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code> '{SHA}'||encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64') </code></p></div> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2> <p>Apache recognizes one format for digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string <code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in httpd.conf.</p> <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3> <p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache digest authentication.</p> <p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various languages:</p> <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code> md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password) </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code> byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br /> java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br /> String s = bi.toString(16);<br /> while (s.length() < 32)<br /> <span class="indent"> s = "0" + s; </span> // String s is the encrypted password </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code> LCase(Hash( (user & ":" & realm & ":" & password) , "MD5")) </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code> require 'digest/md5'<br /> Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password) </code></p></div> <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code> encode(digest( user || ':' || realm || ':' || password , 'md5'), 'hex') </code></p></div> </div></div><div class="bottomlang"><p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a></p></div><div id="footer"><p class="apache">Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p><p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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