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Apache官方在今天放出产品系列2.2的最新版本2.2.11的源码包 最流行的HTTP服务器软件之一

    download site</a>, which lists several mirrors.  Most users of
    Apache HTTPd on unix-like systems will be better off downloading and
    compiling a source version.  The build process (described below) is
    easy, and it allows you to customize your server to suit your needs.
    In addition, binary releases are often not up to date with the latest
    source releases.  If you do download a binary, follow the instructions
    in the <code>INSTALL.bindist</code> file inside the distribution.</p>

    <p>After downloading, it is important to verify that you have a
    complete and unmodified version of the Apache HTTP Server. This
    can be accomplished by testing the downloaded tarball against the
    PGP signature.  Details on how to do this are available on the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#verify">download
    page</a> and an extended example is available describing the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/dev/verification.html">use of
    PGP</a>.</p>

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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="extract" id="extract">Extract</a></h2>

    <p>Extracting the source from the Apache HTTPd tarball is a
    simple matter of uncompressing, and then untarring:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      $ gzip -d httpd-<em>NN</em>.tar.gz<br />
      $ tar xvf httpd-<em>NN</em>.tar
    </code></p></div>

    <p>This will create a new directory under the current directory
    containing the source code for the distribution. You should
    <code>cd</code> into that directory before proceeding with
    compiling the server.</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="configure" id="configure">Configuring the source tree</a></h2>

    <p>The next step is to configure the Apache HTTPd source tree for your
    particular platform and personal requirements. This is done using
    the script <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> included in
    the root directory of the distribution. (Developers downloading
    an unreleased version of the Apache HTTPd source tree will need to have
    <code>autoconf</code> and <code>libtool</code> installed and will
    need to run <code>buildconf</code> before proceeding with the next
    steps. This is not necessary for official releases.)</p>

    <p>To configure the source tree using all the default options,
    simply type <code>./configure</code>. To change the default
    options, <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> accepts a variety of variables
    and command line options.</p>

    <p>The most important option is the location <code>--prefix</code>
    where the Apache HTTP Server is to be installed later, because Apache
    HTTPd has to be
    configured for this location to work correctly.  More fine-tuned
    control of the location of files is possible with additional <a href="programs/configure.html#installationdirectories">configure
    options</a>.</p>

    <p>Also at this point, you can specify which <a href="programs/configure.html#optionalfeatures">features</a> you
    want included in Apache HTTPd by enabling and disabling <a href="mod/">modules</a>. The Apache HTTP Server comes with a <a href="mod/module-dict.html#Status">Base</a> set of modules included by
    default.  Other modules are enabled using the
    <code>--enable-<var>module</var></code> option, where
    <var>module</var> is the name of the module with the
    <code>mod_</code> string removed and with any underscore converted
    to a dash.  You can also choose to compile modules as <a href="dso.html">shared objects (DSOs)</a> -- which can be loaded
    or unloaded at runtime -- by using the option
    <code>--enable-<var>module</var>=shared</code>.  Similarly, you can
    disable Base modules with the
    <code>--disable-<var>module</var></code> option.  Be careful when
    using these options, since <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> cannot warn you
    if the module you specify does not exist; it will simply ignore the
    option.</p>

    <p>In addition, it is sometimes necessary to provide the
    <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> script with extra information about the
    location of your compiler, libraries, or header files.  This is
    done by passing either environment variables or command line
    options to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>.  For more information, see the
    <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> manual page.</p>

    <p>For a short impression of what possibilities you have, here
    is a typical example which compiles Apache for the installation
    tree <code>/sw/pkg/apache</code> with a particular compiler and flags
    plus the two additional modules <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> and
    <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code> for
    later loading through the DSO mechanism:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      $ CC="pgcc" CFLAGS="-O2" \<br />
       ./configure --prefix=/sw/pkg/apache \<br />
       --enable-rewrite=shared \<br />
       --enable-speling=shared
    </code></p></div>

    <p>When <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> is run it will take several minutes to
    test for the availability of features on your system and build
    Makefiles which will later be used to compile the server.</p>

    <p>Details on all the different <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> options are
    available on the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> manual page.</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="compile" id="compile">Build</a></h2>

    <p>Now you can build the various parts which form the Apache HTTPd
    package by simply running the command:</p>

<div class="example"><p><code>$ make</code></p></div>

    <p>Please be patient here, since a base configuration takes
    several minutes to compile and the time will vary widely
    depending on your hardware and the number of modules that you
    have enabled.</p> 
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="install" id="install">Install</a></h2>

    <p>Now it's time to install the package under the configured
    installation <em>PREFIX</em> (see <code>--prefix</code> option
    above) by running:</p>

<div class="example"><p><code>$ make install</code></p></div>

    <p>If you are upgrading, the installation will not overwrite
    your configuration files or documents.</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="customize" id="customize">Customize</a></h2>

    <p>Next, you can customize your Apache HTTP Server by editing
    the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> under
    <code><em>PREFIX</em>/conf/</code>.</p>

<div class="example"><p><code>$ vi <em>PREFIX</em>/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>

    <p>Have a look at the Apache HTTP Server manual under <a href="./">docs/manual/</a> or consult <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/">http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/</a> for the most recent
    version of this manual and a complete reference of available <a href="mod/directives.html">configuration directives</a>.</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="test" id="test">Test</a></h2>

    <p>Now you can <a href="invoking.html">start</a> your Apache
    HTTP Server by immediately running:</p>

<div class="example"><p><code>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl -k start</code></p></div>

    <p>and then you should be able to request your first document
    via URL <code>http://localhost/</code>. The web page you see is located
    under the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>,
    which will usually be <code><em>PREFIX</em>/htdocs/</code>.
    Then <a href="stopping.html">stop</a> the server again by
    running:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl -k stop</code></p></div>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="upgrading" id="upgrading">Upgrading</a></h2>

    <p>The first step in upgrading is to read the release announcement
    and the file <code>CHANGES</code> in the source distribution to
    find any changes that may affect your site.  When changing between
    major releases (for example, from 1.3 to 2.0 or from 2.0 to 2.2),
    there will likely be major differences in the compile-time and
    run-time configuration that will require manual adjustments.  All
    modules will also need to be upgraded to accomodate changes in the
    module API.</p>

    <p>Upgrading from one minor version to the next (for example, from
    2.2.55 to 2.2.57) is easier.  The <code>make install</code>
    process will not overwrite any of your existing documents, log
    files, or configuration files.  In addition, the developers make
    every effort to avoid incompatible changes in the
    <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> options, run-time configuration, or the
    module API between minor versions.  In most cases you should be able to
    use an identical <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> command line, an identical
    configuration file, and all of your modules should continue to
    work.</p>

    <p>To upgrade across minor versions, start by finding the file
    <code>config.nice</code> in the <code>build</code> directory of
    your installed server or at the root of the source tree for your
    old install.  This will contain the exact
    <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> command line that you used to
    configure the source tree.  Then to upgrade from one version to
    the next, you need only copy the <code>config.nice</code> file to
    the source tree of the new version, edit it to make any desired
    changes, and then run:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
    $ ./config.nice<br />
    $ make<br />
    $ make install<br />
    $ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl -k graceful-stop<br />
    $ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl -k start<br />
    </code></p></div>

    <div class="warning">You should always test any new version in your
    environment before putting it into production.  For example, you
    can install and run the new version along side the old one by
    using a different <code>--prefix</code> and a
    different port (by adjusting the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive) to test for any
    incompatibilities before doing the final upgrade.</div>
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