单片机播放音乐程序.txt

单片机播放音乐程序例程参考(C语言)用硬波表的声卡或MIDI芯片

单片机播放音乐程序例程参考(C语言)
关于播放效果 
1.由于输出的是方波，比较难听:-) 
只能说是非常难听:-)为什么呢？只因为输出的是方波,包含了大量的奇次谐波。 
你可以用双龙的"虚拟仪器"分别产生正弦波、三角波和方波听一下，正弦波感觉就比 
较纯正， 
而方波则要多难听有多难听！ 
解决方案： 
1.用3、4个IO及R－2R电阻网络作3、4BitDAC 
2.用PWM输出 
3.用专用音乐旋律发生芯片 
4.用硬波表的声卡或MIDI芯片 
各方案比较： 
1.制作简单，占用IO、定时器资源较少，成本低,可行性好 
2.制作简单，但PWM频率不能作高，行不通 
3.4.可作出很好听的效果，但成本较高 
关于：如果单片机进作此工作还可以，加入其他的程序肯定不行 
2.由于依靠T1的频繁中断产生相应频率的输出， 
因此任何其他同级或更高级别的中断发生都会使T1不能进入中断， 
使乐曲打顿，这样就必须使其他中断占用的时间尽量短才会感觉不出来 
关于：功能齐全 
底层的东西作出来后，而且是用C编程，要功能齐全是件相当容易的事 
关于：音符编码 
优化的音符编码是这个程序最大的优点(相对于所有见过的类似功能程序) 
3.优化音符编码：一个字节中包含节拍、音符、升降调，可区分数据和命令， 
对于一般的乐曲调用功能码的时候相当少，基本可做到一个音符对应一个字 
节， 
这点对于小存储量的单片机来说是必要的。 
同时人工将音符译为机器码非常容易。(格式看下面实例) 
//音符码格式:| D7 |D6 D5 D4| D3 |D2 D1 D0|  |变调| 节拍|升降| 音符 | 
// 示例:0xcb=11001011B,即升调,4/16拍,3Mi低音 
//功能码格式:| D7 D6 D5 D4 | D3 D2 D1 D0| 
// |高4位=0时是功能码|根据低4位散转 | 
0x00, //最后字节为功能码必须==0x00退出 
关于发布此贴的原因 
1.帮助初学者， 
2.抛砖引玉， 
3.论坛正有人问相关的问题 
4.就程序的规范性、写法、注释等征求大家的意见 

还将有一系列的源程序公开，正在整理 
关于乐理方面的知识 
建议大家到 MIDI小屋 去看看， 
有大量的MIDI、MIDI知识、MIDI软件 
其中的有一个YAMAHA软波表一定要试一下， 
你会对MIDI的观念大大改观(害的我当年发了疯的从网上找了6万多首MIDI:-） 

上网想找东西的别忘了用搜索:-) 

****************************************************************************/ 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
// 源程序大公开 // 
// (c) Copyright 2001－2002 xuwenjun // 
// All Rights Reserved // 
// V1.00 // 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
//标　题: 单片机IO口播放乐曲 // 
//版　本: V1.00 // 
//文件名: xwj_lcd16.C // 
//创建人: 徐文军 E-mail:[e-mail] // 
//日　期: 02-11-5 // 
//描　述: 单片机利用T1中断在IO口P1.0输出乐曲 // 
//声　明: // 
// 以下代码仅免费提供给学习用途，但引用或修改后必须在文件中声明出处. // 
// 如用于商业用途请与作者联系. E-mail:[e-mail] // 
// 有问题请mailto [e-mail] 欢迎与我交流! // 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
//修改人: 徐文军 E-mail:[e-mail] // 
//日　期: 02-11-5 // 
//说　明: // 
// 单片机用T1中断在IO口P1.0输出乐曲(在P1.0口与VCC间接一喇叭即可听到) // 
// 1.由于输出的是方波，比较难听:-)你也可以将波形细分用DA输出正弦波 // 
// 2.由于T1频繁中断，任何其他中断发生都会是乐曲打顿，只适合试验 // 
// 3.优化音符编码：一个字节中包含节拍、音符、升降调，可区分数据和命令// 
// 同时人工将音符译为机器码非常容易。(格式看下面实例)// 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
#include <reg52.h> 
#include <intrins.h> 
#define FREQ 11059200 

// 音乐_编码2 -- 存储器定义 // 
unsigned char code music_tab1[]={ //音符码格式:| D7 |D6 D5 D4| D3 |D2 D1 D0| 
//梁祝 |变调| 节拍|升降| 音 符 | 
0xcb, //示例:0xcb=11001011B,即升调,4/16拍,3Mi低音 
0x35,0x16,0xb9,0x12,0x96,0x99,0xa5, 
0xbd,0x99,0x96,0x15,0x13,0x15,0x62, 
0x32,0x13,0xa7,0x26,0x25,0x16,0xa9,0x22, 
0xa3,0xa9,0x96,0x15,0x16,0x99,0xe5, 
0xbb,0x15,0xa7,0xaa,0x96,0x99,0xd5, 
0x13,0x15,0x23,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x9a,0xd6,0x15,0x16, 
0xb9,0x12,0x25,0x23,0x23,0x22,0x13,0x12,0x21,0x96,0x15, 
0x43,0xc9,0x96,0x99,0x96,0x15,0x13,0x15,0x16,0x99, 
0xd5, //功能码格式:| D7 D6 D5 D4 | D3 D2 D1 D0| 
// |高4位=0时是功能码|根据低4位散转 | 
0x00, //最后字节为功能码必须==0x00退出 
}; 
unsigned char code music_tab2[]={ //康定情歌 
0x23,0x25,0x26,0x16,0x15, 0x36,0x13,0x42, 
0x23,0x25,0x26,0x16,0x15, 0x26,0x53, 
0x23,0x25,0x26,0x16,0x15, 0x26,0x23,0x42, 
0x25,0x23,0x12,0x13,0x12,0x11, 0x22,0xd6, 
0x26,0xda, 0x25,0x53, 0x12,0x11,0xd6, 
0xad,0x23,0x12,0x13,0x12,0x11, 0x22,0xd6, 
0x00, 
}; 
unsigned char code music_tab3[]={ //美酒加咖啡 
0x55,0x23,0x25,0x26,0xa9,0x22, 0x73, 
0x45,0x25,0x26,0x23,0x22,0x21,0x23, 0x72, 
0x52,0x23,0x45,0x43, 0x22,0x21,0xa6,0x25,0x66, 
0xc9,0xa6,0x25,0x23,0x25,0x26,0xa9, 0xf5, 
0x45,0x23,0x25,0x46,0xc9, 0x22,0x13,0x12,0x21,0x22,0x63, 
0x22,0x23,0x25,0x26,0x25,0x23,0x22,0x21, 0x72, 
0x52,0x23,0x45,0x43, 0x22,0x21,0xa6,0x25,0x66, 
0xb9,0x12,0x23,0x25,0x22,0xa5,0xab,0x22, 0x71, 
0x00, 
}; 
unsigned char code music_tab4[]={ //北国之春 
0x15,0x16,0x75, 0x15,0x16,0x55,0x13,0x15,0x16,0x15,0x16,0x99,0x12,0x13, 
0x65,0x45,0x13,0x12,0x11,0x12, 0x73, 
0x62,0x42,0x12,0x11,0x96,0x15, 0x76, 
0x55,0x23,0x45,0xa9,0x22, 0x53,0x12,0x13,0x65, 
0x52,0x22,0x42,0x21,0xa6, 0xe9,0x91,0x12,0x13,0x12,0x13,0x15,0x99,0x12, 
//以上为过门 
0x20,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x63, 0x22,0x23,0x23,0x22,0x41,0xa6,0x25, 
0x53,0x22,0x21,0xa9,0x21,0xa6, 0x75, 
0x26,0xa9,0x21,0xa6,0xc9,0x12,0x11,0x96,0x15, 
0x23,0x25,0x25,0x26,0x45,0x21,0x22, 
0x13,0x35,0x25,0xa9,0xa6,0x25,0x23,0x22, 0x71, 
0x52,0x25,0x45,0x13,0x15,0x13,0x12, 0x21,0x41,0x22,0x43,0x45, 
0x23,0x25,0x26,0xa9,0x42,0x12,0x33, 0x72, 
0x51,0x22,0x43,0x22,0x21, 0xc6,0xc9,0x29,0xc6,0x45,0x23,0x23, 
0x53,0x25,0x26,0x25,0x13,0x12,0x21, 0x62,0x42,0x23,0x25, 
0x55,0x26,0x25,0x23,0x45, 0x26,0xa9,0x21,0x22,0x63, 
0x52,0x22,0x22,0x13,0x12,0x21,0xa6,0xf9, 
0x00, 
}; 

unsigned char code music_l_tab[8]={0,1,2,3,4,6,8,16};//节拍延时单位 
unsigned char code music_freq_tab[64]={ //音符定时器值表 
0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/131/256, //256-FREQ/24/x/256 //1 do 高字节 
256-FREQ/24/131%256, //256-FREQ/24/x%256 //1 do 低字节 
255-FREQ/24/147/256,256-FREQ/24/147%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/165/256,256-FREQ/24/165%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/175/256,256-FREQ/24/175%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/196/256,256-FREQ/24/196%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/221/256,256-FREQ/24/221%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/248/256,256-FREQ/24/248%256, //7 xi 

0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/262/256,256-FREQ/24/262%256, //1 do 
255-FREQ/24/294/256,256-FREQ/24/294%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/330/256,256-FREQ/24/330%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/350/256,256-FREQ/24/350%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/393/256,256-FREQ/24/393%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/441/256,256-FREQ/24/441%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/495/256,256-FREQ/24/495%256, //7 xi 

0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/525/256,256-FREQ/24/525%256, //1 do 
255-FREQ/24/589/256,256-FREQ/24/589%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/661/256,256-FREQ/24/661%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/700/256,256-FREQ/24/700%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/786/256,256-FREQ/24/786%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/882/256,256-FREQ/24/882%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/990/256,256-FREQ/24/990%256, //7 xi 

0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/1049/256,256-FREQ/24/1049%256, //1 do 
255-FREQ/24/1178/256,256-FREQ/24/1178%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/1322/256,256-FREQ/24/1322%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/1400/256,256-FREQ/24/1400%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/1572/256,256-FREQ/24/1572%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/1665/256,256-FREQ/24/1665%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/1869/256,256-FREQ/24/1869%256, //7 xi 

}; 

unsigned char code music_frequp_tab[64]={ //升半音 
0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/139/256, //1 do 高字节 //255-FREQ/24/x/256 
256-FREQ/24/139%256, //1 do 低字节 //256-FREQ/24/x%256 
255-FREQ/24/156/256,256-FREQ/24/156%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/175/256,256-FREQ/24/175%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/185/256,256-FREQ/24/185%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/208/256,256-FREQ/24/208%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/234/256,256-FREQ/24/234%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/262/256,256-FREQ/24/262%256, //7 xi 

0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/278/256,256-FREQ/24/278%256, //1 do 
255-FREQ/24/312/256,256-FREQ/24/312%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/350/256,256-FREQ/24/350%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/371/256,256-FREQ/24/371%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/416/256,256-FREQ/24/416%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/467/256,256-FREQ/24/467%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/525/256,256-FREQ/24/525%256, //7 xi 

0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/556/256,256-FREQ/24/556%256, //1 do 
255-FREQ/24/624/256,256-FREQ/24/624%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/700/256,256-FREQ/24/700%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/742/256,256-FREQ/24/742%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/833/256,256-FREQ/24/833%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/935/256,256-FREQ/24/935%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/1049/256,256-FREQ/24/1049%256, //7 xi 

0xff,0xea, //0 休止符 
255-FREQ/24/1112/256,256-FREQ/24/1112%256, //1 do 
255-FREQ/24/1248/256,256-FREQ/24/1248%256, //2 re 
255-FREQ/24/1400/256,256-FREQ/24/1400%256, //3 mi 
255-FREQ/24/1484/256,256-FREQ/24/1484%256, //4 fa 
255-FREQ/24/1618/256,256-FREQ/24/1618%256, //5 suo 
255-FREQ/24/1764/256,256-FREQ/24/1764%256, //6 la 
255-FREQ/24/1968/256,256-FREQ/24/1968%256, //7 xi 
}; 
unsigned char temp_TH1; 
unsigned char temp_TL1; 

// 音乐_编码2 -- IO定义 // 
sbit PIN_MSC=P1^0; // 音乐输出端口 // 

// 音乐_编码2 -- 函数原型// 
void music_delay(unsigned char x); //音乐节拍延时 
void music_play(unsigned char *msc); //播放音乐子程序 

// 音乐_编码2 -- 函数 // 
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
void music_int_t1 (void) interrupt 3 using 1 //定时中断1// 
{ 
PIN_MSC=~PIN_MSC; 
TH1=temp_TH1; 
TL1=temp_TL1; 
} 

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
void music_delay(unsigned char n) //延时 125*n 毫秒 
{ 
unsigned char i=125,j; 
do { 
do { 
for (j=0; j<230; j++) _nop_(); //j=(11159KHz/12-10)/4 
}while(--i); 
}while(--n); 
} 

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
void music_play(unsigned char *msc) //音乐 
{ 
unsigned char music_freq=32; //音高 
unsigned char music_long; //节拍 
unsigned char music_data=0; //音符数据 
bit music_up=0; //升半音 
bit music_break=0; //断奏 
temp_TH1=0xff; 
temp_TL1=0xea; //关输出(输出超声波) 
TMOD=0x11; //T0：16位定时器、T1：16位定时器 
// ET0=0; //关T0定时器中断 
ET1=1; //开T1定时器中断 
//--------------------------------------------------------- 
while (*msc != 0x00) 
{ 
music_data=*msc & 0x07; 
music_long=*msc>>4; 
//--------------------------------------------------------- 
if (music_long != 0) //是音符 
{ 
if (*msc >=128) //需升降调 
{ 
if (((*msc) & 0x08) == 0) 
{if (music_freq >= 16) music_freq -= 16;} //音高下降 
else 
{if (music_freq < 48) music_freq += 16;} //音高上升 
} 
//--------------------------------------------------------- 
if (music_up==1) //升半音 
{ 
temp_TH1=music_frequp_tab[(music_freq + (music_data <<1))]; 
temp_TL1=music_frequp_tab[(music_freq + (music_data <<1)+1)]; 
} 
else //不升半音 
{ 
temp_TH1=music_freq_tab[(music_freq + (music_data <<1))]; 
temp_TL1=music_freq_tab[(music_freq + (music_data <<1)+ 1)]; 
} 
//--------------------------------------------------------- 
if (music_break) //断奏 
{ 
music_delay(music_l_tab[music_long&0x07]-1); 
temp_TH1=0xff; 
temp_TL1=0xea; 
music_delay(1); 
} 
else //连奏 
music_delay(music_l_tab[music_long&0x07]); 
} 
//--------------------------------------------------------- 
else //是功能码 
{ 
switch(music_data) 
{ 
case 0x04: 
music_up=0; //不升半音 
break; 
case 0x05: 
music_up=1; //升半音 
break; 
case 0x06: 
music_break=0; //断奏 
break; 
case 0x07: 
music_break=1; //连奏 
break; 
default: 
break; 
} 
} 
//--------------------------------------------------------- 
msc++; 
} 
ET1=0; //播放结束,关T1中断 
PIN_MSC=1; //关输出 
// temp_TH1=0xff; 
// temp_TL1=0xea; //关输出(输出超声波) 
// ET0=1; //开T0定时器中断 
// TMOD=0x51; //T0：16位定时器、T1：16位计数器 
} 

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------// 
void main(void) //示例 
{ 
// 设置定时器-------------------------------------- 
TMOD = 0x11; // TMOD: 定时器1:模式1:16位;定时器2:模式1:16 位 // 
// TCON = 0x50; // TCON: 定时器 1运行; 定时器 2运行 // 
// 设置并开启中断: 
IP = 0x08; //中断优先寄存器IP:|D7_x |x|x |PS|PT1|PX1|PT0|D0_PX0|// 
IE = 0x88; //中断允许寄存器IE:|D7_EA|x|ET2|ES|ET1|EX1|ET0|D0_EX0|// 
for (;;) { 
//在此调用键盘和显示函数// 
music_play(music_tab1); 
music_play(music_tab2); 
music_play(music_tab3); 
music_play(music_tab4); 
} 
} 
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//